Radzyn

Their Jews – Our Loss

“..last Jew was to die just like ..first. We knew ..our end was near. To ..last Survivors were bequeathed ..agony of separation and ..mourning of relatives. ..a grievous privilege. In ..time ..left to a Survivor ..there ..remained hope in god and justice ..a vain belief in ..miracles.” Joseph Schupack.

Before we even attempt to approach the History of any place, particularly those monstrously affected by the tenets of The Holocaust, we confirm its past. We also lend appropriately, an understanding of the very detail of the atrocity which swallowed up these Jews of Radzyn. Any impression created of the terror which faced them as Jews can lead us on and assist us in our endeavour to attempt to appreciate the horror inflicted upon an innocent People, simply for them being Jewish.

“..Jews with their Gentile neighbors share

one sun, one sky, one God in their hearts.” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

This is a piece of evidenced based work that I wish I had been able to present to Joseph Schupack, but which remains in history for Joseph as a testimony to one who lived through The Dead Years. Joseph Schupack affords us a testimony of memory of those now lost to us, but, and the sheer fact of Joseph Schupack, ensures us that the Jews who are the extracted and murdered Jews of Radzyn are here Remembered for posterity. It is also relevant in recalling events here, that throughout Poland and Europe there was an escalating crisis for all Jews, wherever they were.

“..Most ..non Jewish Polish residents of Radzyn survived. Even ..anti Nazi political activists ..Germans had arrested and sent off to Auschwitz ..returned home. ..they had seen how ..crematoriums had swallowed daily 10’s of 1,000’s of Jews ..a whole people ..young ..old ..were destroyed ..they themselves ..returned home. Just ..Jews had disappeared from ..face of Earth.” Abba Lichtenshtein.

There were to be no Jews who entered the inferno for which a return was a choice of their own choosing, as the fate of the Jewish People had long been decided by Adolf Hitler. For those of us who are particularly drawn to this crisis, and for all of World Jewry here within Europe, and particularly detained within the borders of Poland, we search the facts, evoke the truth and add to the established integrity that the Jewish Survivor continues to add to. As to the world of History, leaning heavily upon the Jewish World, we still seek to come to terms with what we cannot even begin to imagine.

“..What was happening to us Jews caused one to question god and ..conscience of mankind.” Joseph Schupack.

For the very integrity of history’s need, we must continue the fight to simply add more than just the names to what we have all lost, For us to have any meaning in this series of descriptions, and while there are horrific details which the Jews must continually look back upon it sears us all with shame, pain and sadness. For those Jews who search every detail, in order to even find a remnant of their past, that horror has seen their People ground into ash. In a crucible of existence, the Jewish People have been blended into the dust of a Continent reeling from the inescapable tragedy that was overseen by a World wide indifference.

“..A church tower tall, and beys medresh low,

a little store empty, a beys medresh full.

and another beys medresh and another two, three,

a Rabbi, a teacher and faithful Hassidim.” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

To add ever toward an intolerable act against all of humanity, we recognise the very little that was done by the World to afford the Jews of Europe even a slender hope. For those Jews singled out from all of that humanity, and still there are those Jews who finally managed to emerge from its flames, we question, we seek their truths so as to know our own integrity failed us and betrayed them. For these, the Survivors, who we implore, and with insistence and consistently, in an effort for us to learn of their suffering, we must remember what it means in suffering for them to do so.

“..We knew ..our train .bound for an extermination camp ..did not know which. ..Treblinka ..Auschwitz ..Majdanek. ..we got our answer ..we arrived at Majdanek.” Joseph Schupack.

For tutors are giving us their learning from Auschwitz, Majdanek and Treblinka, and the other places of death and devastation for the Jewish People, for which we charge the Jewish Survivor with delving ever deeper into this dark period of existence. As a consequence of our demands, which are in search of a more rounded and fully understood appreciation of what 6,000,000 Jews were subjected to, we recognise an indifference that escalated the process. While we trouble the Survivor ever further, I believe we dig much deeper into the psyche of all humanity, which much of it was stood aside for this catastrophe to be allowed to happen.

“..I want to sing you a hero song

Oh, don’t laugh at me brothers

and don’t wonder how a Jew

comes to sing songs of heroes?

Hero-songs… yes, like this!

So why are you afraid?

Are hero’s songs only for Gentiles?” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

For us of course, who live in our tidy rooms, it is an imperative to establish the fuller truth in all of our histories together as both Jew and Gentile alike. That these educational progressions may well illuminate our own presentation of a past we are still yet to learn from, we are losing the time necessary to gain all the information held by those Survivor’s who know what we need to know of. For all the 11,293,300 Jews of Europe remaining, as finally designated at Wannsee for total elimination, the chance for us to restore hope to a World though detained, must be given the opportunity.

“..rulers of Poland. ..nurtured ..hatred of ..Polish people for ..Jews. antisemitism in all of its forms was ..daily occurrence for ..Jews of Poland.” Abba Lichtenshtein.

For the approaches to humanity to be somehow made better, by having the Survivor’s confront us with their gruesome accounts, it must assail us. It must never allow for the distortion of that truth to be a distraction from the perversion which overtook the rest of humanity while the Jewish People were being consumed. For far too many, who would seek to confuse us with some aspect of the very integrity we seek, we must see the denial as counter to history, opposed to humanity and an affront to what had previously civilised us. 

“..entire summer of 1939 ..without knowing exactly why ..everyone had a premonition that something unusual was about to happen. It was rumoured that Hitler would declare war on Poland despite ..good relations that existed at that time between those two countries.” Rachel Zaltzman-Freter.

Here though, and I need to remind the searcher, the researcher or the reader of what I cannot achieve nor am I able to do. Though I hope I afford a more respectful effort in attempting to remember, that certainty cannot compete with what the records held at YadVashem more ably achieve. For this go to repository in Israel, which gathers together all that the details of our crimes against the Jewish People entails, it is a resource of incredible and incorruptible eminence. What this institution recognises in the greater loss of their own People is that same loss we now seek to remember.

“..A Yiddish street is yearning for Jews

She calls me: here I am! She calls without voice.” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

At YadVashem, it recognises the Streets Jews once belonged to and whose own account of the detail of the slaughter of these Radzyner Jews shows us more than 9,600 name plates attributed to Radzyn. My own effort is humbled by this gulf of recognition and for me, while these submitted pages have proved difficult if not impossible to pour over, I continue researching our understanding of what truly has been lost. With this effort, my attempt to do something more for these Jews than was done by those who should have, is an effort in words to replace the misdeeds and inactions of others.

“..people ..brought to Majdanek ..tortured ..ended up as smoke pouring out ..crematory’s chimney.” Joseph Schupack.

So as to ensure each word perseveres and they relentlessly pursue the imbalance in justice, for there has been a clear omission of Justice for 6,000,000 Jews of Europe, there is no other nor mounting accusation of that failure. So as we encounter each and every detail to know of a catastrophe more fully, we recognise more of those who have been dismissed from life. For those who troubled with other than nothing but exacting this atrocity as a mere detail, a common morality demands we engage humanely.

“..Lublin is demolished

The Torah trashed, shuls smashed,

Jewish houses and homes laid waste.” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

So in extracting each and every detail of what was done, and in our name as human beings, for those who sought to exact a hatred upon an innocent Jewish People, it was not in my name. For those of my words, which I hope will deliver to the Jewish People an appreciation of the certain fact that not all would act as those millions who acted with such savagery in the past against their People did. Here then I offer the words as little more than an apology for the want of an apology was exempted by the many who chose to act with impunity against 6,000,000 Jews.

“..wide path ..cleared ..Yossel Zita’s gate. ..for vehicles to pass from Mezritsh Street.” Yehoshua Rosencrantz.

It becomes evident also, as the choice of words can also confront the very senses of those Jews who Survived, it is my hope that what is written honours their survival. Within the very detail I wish to express, the words used are to admonish the guilty more harshly that any lack of justice has thus far remains undelivered. Also, it is not now possible to confront and accuse all of the very perpetrators, participators and the guilty who should have been indicted and hung, as life has taken its own account.

“..The sun breaks into windows in vain

No one is there to benefit, to enjoy

the light of the sun’s warm rays.

No one to thank your name and say: I believe

in your mercy that comes with your great light.” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

Unless we confront fully all the wrongs of the past, we pass on to history glimpses of truths so gallingly abhorrent, they go without ensuring that the fuller atrocity is understood. For very obvious reasons, we simply cannot explore the extended reaches of the disaster and leave to chance the names of any of those Jews who were slaughtered. For the destroyed, intentionally driven toward extinction, so as to be overlooked, this would secure for these Jews who have gone missing, a further affront to them. 

“..I will never forget Dr. Nick ..a Jewish doctor from Warsaw ..well known ..respected. ..found hanging. ..day he ..learned his Wife ..in Majdanek ..had been gassed.” Joseph Schupack.

It is for us to search history so as to ensure that those Jews we have lost sight of are not to be forgotten by becoming anonymous to us. In the midst of the greatest assault upon human integrity, and that is Ever in all of history, we sieve through the ashes of memory to restore an impression of 6,000,000 former Jewish lives. Fulfilling my promise to a Survivor, I have travelled to these places of such gruesome extremity and I have sensed and felt the ashen despair beneath my feet in all 6 of those Death Camps in Poland.

“..intoxicating odors reached all ..way to ..city streets in ..evenings. ..young people hiked on foot and on their bicycles on ..roads surrounding Radzyn. ..people wanted to believe that all would be well.” Abba Lichtenshtein.

Whether I sensed with any sort of disbelief that Poland can suggest it knew little of what went on, and did so little to protect their Jewish Citizens, I now know how trivial Poland now treats its history. At Auschwitz and its deadly other camp Birkenau, within Belzec, in Chelmno, inside Lublin stood Majdanek, at Sobibor and as I traipsed through the fields of Treblinka, faith suddenly transcended my own feelings. I am so very much aware that the words I use now, continually, are so very painful to those Jews who know of a suffering I can barely realise.

“..They’re looking for the Rabbi who comes from Radzyn.

They’re looking in Vlodova, with anger they search

and while they are searching they revile him and curse.

Do not be afraid of a mad dog that barks,

but a German watch out while he curses!” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

It is essential not to disguise the intensity of such despair that permeates these sites, it is inexplicable in any rational sense, but it deeply felt none the less. But, and in even those emotive terms confined within these chosen words, a World must realise the suffering that was inflicted upon a People for being Jewish. The brutal treatment of the Jewish People, both here in Radzyn and throughout Europe is uncivilised in any form of the terms we call culture. For me it is an imperative, that while there is this continuance of suffering, we recognise the human emotion being impacted.

“..gestapo ..offered ..poles ..reward of 1 kilogram of bacon and ..sugar for each Jew they turned in.” Joseph Schupack.

It is a truth too, that due to the absence of where and when we can place all 6,000,000 Jews within the catastrophe, the sense of grief mounts on the loss the Jewish People have suffered. But, and we cannot ever know the full weight of the loss when it is mounted by the continuing birth rate of Jewish persistence. New life, both gifted to existence and a destruction all too many would never survive is a fact that few have even begun to recognise. The Holocaust’s reach is therefore also in accusing those very miscreants who hurt so deliberately these Jews refused entry into an accounting of their passage through time.

“..The little Yiddish street though narrow and small.

is broader than broad and bigger than big

A mother’s lap can it be too narrow? Can it be too small?” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

Murdered, allowed to die, only for being Jews, and the unprecedented nature of that hurt so deliberately inflicted, is a criminal enterprise in every sense. With all that said, my words are not ever tempered in any form and that ensures they never shy away from the brutality that they must convey. For words to be that exact, so as to deliver the correct amount of condemnation, which the accused, abusers, participators, perpetrators and bystanders clearly deserve, tempered words will not have the desired effect.

“..power of ..nazis ..partly based on ..considerable support which anti-Jewish laws received among ..polish population. ..not by chance ..Poland ..chosen as ..place for ..extermination of ..Jews.” Joseph Schupack.

Whatever the painful truth that impacts and confronts the Survivor, this must be no less than the scream of accusation that a hollering delivers toward the guilty. While we accept that the state of Poland, nor its non-Jewish peoples entered into any similar agreement with Hitler as had France, Hungary, Italy or even Romania, it does not escape accusation.  It is surely understood, as history knows, that without any equivocation, that non-Jewish Polish complicity had conspired against Polish Jews within Poland.

“..A mother’s arm can embrace all,

all the little chicks with her arms around,

she warms them close without a sound.” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

That this collusive behaviour was driven by those Poles who sought to gain any financial reward is certain and the numbers involved are staggeringly significant. From a Country which proposed itself as a deeply religious, even as a christian body of people, these non-Jewish Poles were systematic in betraying every piece of their moral, religious and even cultural being. This truth is an historical fact that will not be quieted, silenced, distorted or even denied by those who would seek to shield themselves from the blame of history.

“..French Jews ..given ..task of digging up ..bodies ..removing gold teeth ..rings ..then burning ..remains. ..corpses ..from an earlier time ..before Majdanek had crematories.” Joseph Schupack.

While here too I would advocate the use of the most sinister, obscene and cruellest terms to denote how low some human beings descended in their treatment of the Jewish People, it must be weighed by the Survivor’s feelings. Their effect will have a corresponding impact upon those Survivor’s who are the witnesses to such obscenity as collaboration, collusion and even indifference engenders. For this piece, relating words for the Survivor Joseph Schupack, or any survivor from any particular space within Europe, we owe a debt which goes beyond the rhetoric of mere words. 

“..But where can this great mercy be hidden?

It drifts in the streets, it speaks and it calls

One hears it, one sees it adrift in the air

It pours into eyes like a radiant beam

It penetrates down into everyone’s heart

It pours itself deep within and without.” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

For any of those Jews, whose ability to emerge from the depths of a despair the entire Jewish population of Europe was to be forced to endure, the lack of death has left them cast adrift in a World without Family, belonging and with a deep hurt. Also, the atrocity itself, which is not entirely exclusive to those of Radzyn as mentioned here, for Radzyn-Podlaski itself is a simple exercise in remembrance as we recall its passing from time. For us, so that we can attempt to bridge the divide between 6,000,000 Jews, who are The Holocaust, and the individual Radzyner Jews, choice becomes a regular focus of emphasis. 

“..remembered all ..murdered ..burned ..strangled Men ..Women ..Children ..Fathers ..Mothers ..Sisters ..Brothers ..congregation choked on its tears. So few had to mourn for so many.” Joseph Schupack.

For those similarly placed Jews, hewn from every known place within Poland and Europe, what is seen here as individually as possible, is a binding effrontery to all of human existence. Indeed, when we are asked to visit these Jews, who are witnessed as from whence they came, in spaces such as Radzyn, they become far more a compelling truth than mere numbers can ever invoke. It is essential therefore, in recalling and ensuring for those Jews of all of Europe, who are not to be lost entirely to an eternity eager to forget them, we must Remember them. 

“..My number ..1377. ..my name ..crossed off ..list of mankind. My name ..no longer needed.” Joseph Schupack.

We can be certain, that while the slaughtered Jews are recalled and remembered, in no matter which way they are to be brought toward memory, they will never be forgotten. So to lay before you an account of the destruction of these Jews of Radzyn, we become aware of all those whose responsibility is in knowing what they were a witness to. Those other witnesses, who should have acknowledged this growing atrocity, so as to add to the interminable affront to human consciousness and the sheer horror of the fate of the Jews they neglected to defend stands before us as indefensible in human relations. 

“..inside ..outer fence of ..camp ..place of work. ..on ..road to Lublin. ..Not far away ..polish civilians were working.” Joseph Schupack.

Here, where the names of those who are infinitely known and can be added, they are accrued to the depths of the depravity which becomes this Catastrophe. For all too many of these Jews who are to be recalled here, there are far too many who are the inordinately absenting omissions of all those names we will never come to know. Of those all too many Jewish People of Radzyn, those Jews that I sought to bring forward to remembrance, we recognise them not as absent from the catalogue of hatred which consumed them, but as present in words to mention them by.

“..germans ..hardly able to recognise Jews ..denunciation and extortion were mostly pish specialities. ..we feared these polish accusers more than anyone else.” Joseph Schupack.

Simply because we do not have their names, this does not mean that they did not punctuate our times with their presence and being. For those who are simply regarded as Wives, Husbands, the Child or the Children of the Family, or as often times we are to recognise them, as an entire Family, memory must not forget they were a vibrancy in more than just a name. Some of these, given over as merely a nickname so as to recall them, they too are recognised for having been present during the time of crisis to engulf them.

“..About 25 Jewish persons in Radzyn ..last of what had once been 5,000 ..let themselves be voluntarily imprisoned. Not one ..survived.” Joseph Schupack.

What this minor effort manages to achieve though, as it creates a space within the consumed numbers of these 6,000,000 Jews to share their absence from us, is a certainty that the gap in recognition promotes their loss. In the case of the notation for Children, all these too lost in this devastation, I have assumed where this is noted that Children have been lost and they are more than one single Child. Where we are presented with, (Or more) this is purely because we can have no recollection of the exact number of Child losses we wish to remember.

“..bitter experience of recent history had proved that our 2,000 year ..concerns and problems were and are different from ..others and ..these differences cannot be reconciled. Or remain specific. We are not to blame for this.” Joseph Schupack.

Time does not move on regardless of this, and as we look back to a time when the Jews of Radzyn are already centred around these Streets; Cosze Street, Kalen Street, Kashive Street, Kotlarska  Street, Kozia Street, Kroiah Street, Mezerich Street, Ostroweitzka Street, Shkalneh Street, Szkolna Street and Warshava Street, decimation is soon to follow. Also, the Jewish People are given over to these designated areas, The First Market, The Second Market, The Train Station and Third Of May Street, and these too will find the Jews easy prey to those seeking to destroy their very existence.

“..Two years are past almost two

Radzyn has suffered great misfortune

and Vlodova, she has had good fortune.” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

With this sample of spaces for Jews in places for Jews, we recognise with the Jews of Radzyn that they were neatly placed for the Nazi’s to come along and exploit all that Hitler had intended for them. Looking then to History for what offers us the presence of a Jewish Community within Radzyn, Jews are recorded here since the 1400’s and possibly as soon as Radzyn itself became a City in 1468. Despite the many trials, tribulations and certainly the all too many Pogroms inflicted upon them, nothing quite prepared the Jewish People, even anywhere in Europe, for what Hitler would bring toward them.

“..in Warthegau. ..soon realised ..poles ..living in ..formerly Jewish apartments regarded them and everything in them as their own. ..For them ..best Jews were ..ones who did not return.” Joseph Schupack.

During the years from 1800 onwards, Radzyn, known also as Radzyn-Podlaski, or Radin in Russian, grew to a Town and as the district capital of Lublin province we recognise that Poland too flourished from Jewish influences. The Town also became a scholarly centre of Hassidic learning and Torah studies centred around the influential Leiner family. After World War I ended, Rebbe Samuel Szlomo Leiner was the Grandson of Gershon Hanokh Leiner, the founder of the Radzyn dynasty of Hasidim.

“..heart breaking scenes of men parting from their Wives and Children. ..war had become a fact.” Rachel Zaltzman-Freter.

When Rebbe Samuel Szlomo Leiner left Warsaw, so as to return this Rabbinical learning and cultural emphasis back to Radzyn he established The Secret of the Righteous yeshiva, the Sod Yesharim. As time moved progressively forward, Rebbe Leiner was wide awake to the coming threat that was to be proposed by the Germans under Hitler. By the beginning of 1930 there was still a thriving Jewish presence living in the Radzyn community, and though relations between their non-Jewish neighbours was far from amicable, life persisted.

“..Masses of ex-Radzyner ..who had been living in Warsaw ..came back to Radzyn. They told about ..horrors ..Germans had perpetrated ..especially on ..Jews.” Abba Lichtenshtein.

While it can be recognised here, and in many such Towns and Shtetl’s of Poland, there was a sway of a Jewish learning which countered Polish peasantry’s intolerance and ignorance. However, such was the level of discriminations exerted by the non-Jewish Poles, and both guided by political and church obeyances, it was a breeding ground for the cruellest of hatred’s. There was almost a coming to terms with antisemitism’s rather vulgar and contemptuous expression.  

“..Jews break out of ..Ghettos ..flee to ..Forests ..take up arms.” Rebbe Samuel Szlomo Leiner.

On June 17th. 1934, there was such a link to what was emerging in Hitler’s Germany, the Poles even built their own Concentration Camp at Biaroza. This might have been a parody of what Dachau was but it was essential to how Hitler would also receive the Polish views of its own Jewish Citizens. In the final months of 1935 and then again during the early months of the new year 1936, as the mix of a worsening financial and economic crisis’ was developing within Poland, fearful Jews sheltered the storm.

“..poles thought ..we had learned nothing ..we had been stupid and ..were still stupid.” Joseph Schupack.

There was an escalation of that age old antisemitism that had been festering as a deeply seated undercurrent throughout Poland and there were many concerted efforts at Pogroms. Throughout Poland the fate of Jewish existence became increasingly tenuous, already lashed to the tides of fear, greed and prejudice. Such too was the fear of losing out, that efforts were made which saw only gain for non-Jewish Poles in the victimisation of their Jewish community. Once again Jewish People were forced into restraint in order to contain these outbreaks from reaching more sinister levels.

“..The Rabbi’s among you for almost two years

Poland is demolished, ruined and laid waste.” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

During 1937, and though there were moves from the more rabid nationalistic groups, their youth wings increasingly felt buoyed by an impunity they could easily measure. More widely, the Jews of Poland felt the passage of time would settle back into the usual pattern of adjustment to a begrudging calm. Jew purges, as had been witnessed in many centres around Poland were, as yet, kept from being fully unleashed in Radzyn. However, the Jews here in Radzyn were not  restricted to just regular assaults, the kicking in of doors and the breaking of windows.

“..There were ..riots in Pshitik ..Brisk in Lithuania ..Minsk-Mazowieki and other towns and villages. All this was ..result of ..inspiration given by ..Germans to ..Jew haters in Poland. ..latter carried out their mission faithfully.” Abba Lichtenshtein.

Often there was the looting from Jewish homes, businesses, farms and shops, there were murders too but so far these were few. However, and while officially such acts of offence against the Jewish Community were condemned by the local politicians, much that could have prevented these was not progressed. Indeed, while many of the rioters were arrested, and though the punishment was never meted out so as to fit the crimes, there was this feigned concern which permeated Poland. In Radzyn itself, regular meetings of the antisemitic National Military Organization, the Narodowa Organizacja Wojskowa, were held in the Town, this was offensive enough.

“..On one side ..there was Jewish misery and helplessness ..on ..other ..Polish greed and cunning. ..business of safekeeping until after ..war flourished. Heated competition developed between Polish peasants ..each one trying to accumulate more Jewish possessions than ..other.” Joseph Schupack.

It was evident that the Poles considered the Jews nebbish, both stupid and exploitable and this was fuelled by the hatred of so many who were both ignorant and greedy but from the likes of Seweryn Franciszek Swiatopelk Czetwertynski and Jozef Bakon who fanned the bitterness. Here too, the profit motif of Hitler’s eagerly awaited assault upon Polish Jewry saw enormous financial gains to be made from investing in the Jewish question. Clearly profiting all of those who espoused this Jewish hatred above and beyond any christian, moral or ethical conscience, the Jewish decline became an endeavour worth the festered and ignoble effort of many community’s.

“..You have to know this secret so that if some of you remain alive ..you will be able to teach others. And that’s how ..chain will not be broken.” Rebbe Samuel Szlomo Leiner.

Such were the organised meetings of Polish antisemites which were generally followed by the daubing of hate filled slogans across the Town. For me, and I will constantly press this point, far too many in Poland saw a common community with the Jewish People as only a commodity to profit from. This is why, and such is the sparsity of Righteous from amongst the Polish population, and I accept fully that the final judgement of some 7,000 Polish Righteous is under representative of those who acted in favour of their Jewish Neighbours, the righteous are so criminally few.

“..Oh Vlodover Hasidim none compare with you?

the Rabbi comes out from Radzyn here to you.

The young Rabbi…Sh, sh

They’re looking for the Rabbi who comes from Radzyn.” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

No doubt fear of reprisal affects the mind of the humanity in people and too many righteous Poles have succumbed to that fear in order to conceal their moral efficacy in the way they treated and even saved those Jews they could. It is clear though that people simply cannot live metres from a Crematoria, as Poles did at all 6 Death Camps attached to their community’s, without realising the Jews were being cremated. Though, as we approach 1939, before the Jews living in Radzyn had yet to realise that the hordes Hitler sent across the Polish border on September 1st. 1939 had a special mission to undertake.

“..situation changed in ..beginning of 1939 with ..Hitler ..demand for ..eastern territories of Poland. ..it became clear ..a bloody storm was approaching.” Abba Lichtenshtein.

As yet there were no Death Camp built and when, on September 7th 1939 the Central Command in Warsaw ordered all men to leave the area of Warsaw and to go eastward, War was the major concern. There were masses of ex-Radzyner, who had been living in Warsaw who made their way back to Radzyn and they told about the horrors that the Germans had perpetrated on the whole population and especially on the Jews they encountered. I had read how important it had been that the method of coloration of the techeles was to be lost to Judaism with Rebbe Leiner’s Murder, but he must have known that Judaism would never be lost.

“..In Radzyn ..as in all of Poland ..money was collected for national defence funds. Jews contributed generously believing innocently that ..arms and planes that will be obtained through these funds will help them in time of need.” Abba Lichtenshtein.

For Jews would continue to persist through time and engage head on the right to survive all that Hitler would deny to them all. Rebbe Samuel Szlomo Leiner, who was to be known as The Radzyner Rabbi and The Great Scholar, was clearly awake to what must emerge from the German threat. Uniquely, Rebbe Leiner, escaped with many of his followers to Wlodawa and he managed to convince many of his followers to also take flight. For this Rebbe urged all of his following to secure for themselves a safety in the Forests nearby, and if at all possible, be armed as necessary.

“..They’re looking in Vlodova, with anger they search

and while they are searching they revile him and curse.

Do not be afraid of a mad dog that barks,

but a German watch out while he curses!” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

This urging of Jewish resistance was in clear contravention of German demands and though this could not save all the Jews nor indeed himself and not even his immediate Family, resistance was to be written in Jewish blood. The German bombardment of Radzyn took place and on September 9th. 1939 with the Jewish Quarter itself not spared and with a number of Jews and Poles being killed. Among the Jewish victims was the veteran fire fighter Shmuel Kimmel. Within days the German occupation was enforced and change ensnared the Jews there in ritual and habitual assaults and murders.

“..Germans had more important targets to bomb than ..town of Radzyn itself. These were ..airplane factories in Lublin and Biala Podlaska ..railroad junction at Siedlce ..Lukow. They would fly over ..flight after flight ..in their black bombers ..like birds of prey high in ..skies of Radzyn ..without dropping any of their deadly cargo on us for ..time being. ..quiet that had reigned in ..town disappeared suddenly and forever.” Abba Lichtenshtein.

In those early days of friction and flux, something happened that caused additional Jewish casualties, even when the actual War had subsided. There was a lone unit of the Polish Air Force, that had not managed to flee and was stationed on the estate of the Prince Chetvarshinski, a noted Jew hater. On one Saturday these Poles went into the town and began firing in all directions, killing and wounding Jews wherever they stood. This arbitrary murdering ceased when on September 17th, 1939 Russian Forces then took control over a large swathe of Eastern Poland. This Russian intervention was all part of the Russo-German land grab pact that had been signed by Molotov and Ribbentrop. Radzyn’s Jews were now spared the immediate SS and SD effort of the question to Hitler’s Final Solution, but this was merely a temporary position.

“..He stands guard say who would if not he

would stand in the dark night by the ruins

of the broken shul?” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

The Russians pulled out of  Radzyn on September 30th. 1939 just before the Wehrmacht re-entered the town with units of 81st Infantry Battalion accompanied by a band. 100’s of young Jews, Men and Women escaped East as these of Radzyn’s Jews had heeded the warning sounds to follow the Russian forces toward the newer demarcation lines of the Russian occupied territories of Poland. This apparent calm was merely a couple of days of Wehrmacht occupation, and as their units were withdrawn, in entered the Gestapo, SD and SS. Almost immediately these killing elements of Hitler’s Reich made the terrifying impact upon the Jewish inhabitants more fully felt. They set about many Jewish restrictions, plundered from Jewish stores and desecrated the artefacts of Judaism from the local Great Synagogue, the Bais Hamedrash Seminary Synagogue.

“..Shots were heard ..a new Jewish victim. ..antisemitic Endecja ..peoples nationalist party went on a rampage.” Rachel Zaltzman-Freter.

Here, the Torah scrolls became newer paving materials, their sacred texts given no regard at all as they were unravelled along Kazshe, Kotlarska and Shkolneh Streets. Here too they tore up many of the Holy Books and Scripts and lining the streets with the debris of Jewish belief and culture. They had previously roused the Jewish People from their homes, businesses and forced them to witness the debacle of destruction. During November 1939 the Nazi’s then demanded a 30,000 zloty ransom while they held 12 Jews as hostage to their demands. 

“..On 3rd of December, a number of wagons arrived from the nearby town of Levertov filled with Jews sitting on their belongings who told us that all the Jews had been driven out of the town.” Yehoshua Rosencrantz.

These Radzyner Jews, who were then expelled from the Town and forced to eke out an existence within range of their former homes, did not manage to see other than despair. Even though the ransom had been paid, the Nazi’s were to prove they could shift emphasis from one demand to a further demand. On December 3rd. 1939 with the influx of a large number of Jews, escaping and evicted from Lubartow and arriving in Radzyn on wagons loaded down with whatever possessions they could take with them, Radzyn Jews began to realise the Germans were not to be the liberator’s of thought. This prompted a large number of the Jewish Youth movement to persuade their Families to leave toward the Russian lines. This they did, heading across the Bug River into the comparative safety of those territory’s controlled by the Russian forces. Then, following on from the arrival of these Jewish refugees, and between December 3rd. and December 6th. 1939, the German administration transported most of the able bodied Jews, some 1,000 Jews to Miedzyrzec, Slawatycze and Wisznice.

“..If not he who but he

the Radzyner has the strength to stand open eyed

to see the downfall? The shul goes under

Who sees it?” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

On December 8th. 1939 dozens of Radzyner Jews left for Slovatich, many on foot and with those unable to do so, were hoisted onto Wagons. This was a move that was hoped would leave the growing troubles of Radzyn behind them and as the temperature of occupation cooled somewhat, and certainly by April 1940, most of them had returned to their former homes. Official photographers from der Sturmer, the Nazi antisemitic magazine then arrived in the Town and took photographs of Radzyn’s Jews, for publication in its rancid pages.

“..Spring 1940 most ..Families returned to ..Radzyn. ..settled in ..Jewish quarter ..included Kalon ..Kroiah .. Shkolna and Kashiva Streets. ..no closed Ghetto ..even up to ..fall of 1941 ..Jews ..permitted to walk around ..and even to go outside ..Town.” Yehoshua Rosencrantz.

In April 1940 the Nazi officials had imposed an open ghetto in the Town under a 9 man Judenrate headed by Dovid Fishl Lichtenstein, Moshe Appeloig, Yaakov Blechowitz, Avraham Blumen, Chaim Yitzchak Gellerman, Simcha Goldwasser, with Lichtenstein’s assistant Gruenblatt, Shimon Kleinboim and Eliyahu Shineman. Both of Lichtenstein’s Sons, Sender and Shimon Lichtenstein acted in support of their Father but were not ostensibly, attributed members of the 9 man Judenrate.

“..Lichtenstein ..package ..prepared for mailing. ..contained gold ..jewellery ..other valuables ..addressed to Fischer in Erfurt. ..chief of Radzyn.” Joseph Schupack.

Also, Avraham Blumen appeared along the periphery of the Judenrate and was considered in unflattering terms by members of the entire Jewish Community. He was in charge of the Labour office and also the Ghetto Police. The Ghetto itself was policed by Zelig Blumen, Beryl Lichtenstein, Yisroel Meltzer, Yitzchak Wolf and others. This ghetto quarter, bounded by the area between Dabrowskiego, Kozia and Ostrowiecka Streets had a burgeoning and growing congestion of Jews.

“..All of these members fulfilled their duties devotedly and with great concern. Especially active was Dovid Lichtenstein who interceded with ..authorities and helped solve many unpleasant situations.” Yehoshua Rosencrantz.

Amounting to more than 2,000 Jewish Men, Women with Their Children, the Town of Radzyn saw an influx of Jews from the vicinity. Here, to add to the Jewish burden that the increased capacity within the confined space was stretching the already meagre resources to a more debilitating and stretched limit. Here, Young Jews of the community immediately began to form resistance movements, established and ensured that reliable underground activities were conducted and managed to organize several inter connected partisan groups in the nearby Forests.

“..A hidden Jew at this place stands guard

and while hidden still makes fists with his hands

he would have pulled a sword from its scabbard

in hiding here he would pay back the Germans, the wicked ones.

He balls his fists and gnashes his teeth

Who laughs here and cries?” Yitzkhok Katzeneleson.

Moshe Agmon, Yitzchak Kleinman, Laizer Pantshak and Leib Pantshak, Yaakov Pantshak and Dinah Rosewald led very effective partisan assaults upon the Nazi’s. During July 1940 there were some 300 Jews of the Town who were taken away to the many Forced Labour Camps set in the vicinity. Here, where many of them were forced to work along the Kishnah River regulating its flow, some of these 300 were actually occupied upon building the Belzec camp before it was designated as a Death Camp.

“..Rabbi Leiner lived in hiding. ..went to Wlodawa ..disguised ..as a shoemaker. ..his words of consolation and encouragement reached us. ..denounced ..shot by ..ss.” Joseph Schupack.

One of these forced to construct the Camp was Meier Schupack. On January 1st. 1941, in compliance with Nazi demands to supply all furs to the Reich, this demand was forthcoming and completed. However, 5 Jewish hostages were still murdered even though the order had been fully adhered to. The Nazi’s then sealed off the Ghetto in August 1941 and the Jews awaited the fate they felt would be similar to those of the Jews of Lubartow, Miedzyrzec, Slawatycze and Wisznice.

“..annihilation and liquidation in Radzyn that began on the morning of Monday the 20th of August 1942, and was completed on the 20th of December of the same year.” Yehoshua Rosencrantz.

In Radzyn, where information of the fate of the Jews of these Towns was leeching back from them and the fears, trepidations and concerns mounted. On February 17th. 1942 there was a mass execution when the Jews being held in the Lublin prison were taken into the Courtyard and murdered. Amongst these were Jews from the Radzyn area with Chaim Diamant, Meier Schupack and Isser Sonnenschein of the Town itself, who are believed to have been some of these.

“..Summer ..1942. ..slaughtering of Jews continued unabated. ..living were actually dead ..awaiting ..hour of execution. To withstand one’s own suffering was difficult enough ..but ..watching ..pain of ..Family members ..even worse.” Joseph Schupack.

From the Diarist Avraham Levin, we are informed that the Radzyner Rebbe Samuel Szlomo Leiner was Murdered in the Synagogue Courtyard in Wlodawa. This was on May 29th. 1942 and was confirmed in an entry made on June 6th. 1942 by Levin. The Rebbe, is buried in Wlodawa though his Wife, Shifra Mirl, Their Children Brakha, Hadasa, Iuta, Khava, Mordekhai Eliezer and Sara Zeldahis are not. Along with his Mother and Sister, these were all destroyed during The Holocaust period in Treblinka. 

“..We knew ..attitude of ..Poles toward ..Jews. ..After ..first big liquidation Avramke Sudberg and his Wife went to Polish friends in ..country. After staying there for a number of weeks and paying a lot of money ..they disappeared. Later it turned out that they had been murdered in ..forest by their Polish hosts.” Yehoshua Rosencrantz.

On August 20th. 1942, with the first transportation of 1,500 Radzyn Jews to the Death Camp at Treblinka, the final curtailment of all Jewish existence within Radzyn was underway. The very truth of this matter leaves us to suggest this was a rather conservative estimate of that initial loss. When, on August 25th. 1942 SS Untersturmfuhrer Fischer of the SD and some of his men arrived in Miedzyzrzec to facilitate the transportation of 11,000 Jews to Treblinka, as Radzyn chief he saw to it that many Radzyn Jews were amongst these.

“..last Jew was to die just like ..first. We knew ..our end was near.” Joseph Schupack. 

As Radzyn was ceasing to being the holding centre for the local Jews of the vicinity, a much larger containment centre was required. At Miedzyzrzec, this became the regional holding centre and a much larger containment of the Jews could be realised. Here, the Ghetto for the Jews of the region, including those Jews of Radzyn, and all destined for Treblinka were kept in waiting, a swollen facility for incoming Jews temporarily detained until Treblinka could fully resettle them.

“..late Summer 1942. Jewish Quarter ..encircled ..ss ..gendarmerie ..polish police ukrainians. ..beaten ..houses plundered ..demolished. 600 ..800 Jews ..driven from their houses.” Joseph Schupack.

On September 22nd. 1942 there was a further aktionen and within that round-up, there were some 200 Radzyner Jews who had been separated out from the rest of the Town’s Jews. For these Jews, who were taken out to a nearby Forest clearing, they were dispatched there, they were shot, they were Murdered. On October 1st. 1942, a further 2,000 Radzyner Jews were transported away from Radzyn and headed toward destruction with a halting in the Ghetto at Miedzyrzec. Their eventual extermination at Treblinka was confirmed on October 27th. 1942.

“..on ..road ..from Mezritsh to Radzyn. ..entire convoy of ..Jews from Radzyn passed before me. ..shocked. ..travelled in wagons accompanied by ..Polish policemen. Almost all ..in wagons loaded with all their belongings and driven by Polish peasants.” Yehoshua Rosencrantz.

In between times, and this latest aktionen continued for over 2 weeks and when, on the October 14th 1942 German SS, SD, Gestapo and Gendarmes alongside Polish policemen  raided the Ghetto, 3,000 more Radzyner Jews were transported firstly to Miedzyrzec. From here they were transported and on toward resettlement, their final destruction in Treblinka. On December 20th. 1942, the final liquidation of the Jewish Community of Radzyn began, and 1,500 more of her Jews were sent to be annihilated within Treblinka.

“..Schepsyl Rosen ..New Years Eve 1943 ..he ..50 other Jews ..driven to ..manure storage area ..edge of Miedzyrzec Ghetto ..ss shot them.” Joseph Schupack.

There was a final attempt by many of these Radzyner Jews to escape the resettlement transport and a large number of them were killed doing. While those other’s who managed to evade the bullets of the guard detachment, they did not last much longer as they were tracked down by local Poles and handed over to the SS. Here is where Jewish persistence in the Town of Radzyn practicably ceased to exist as Radzyn was now declared Judenrein, and 600 years of a Jewish presence was almost wiped out completely. 

“..One can safely assume that all ..candlesticks ..quilts found anywhere in rural Poland today were once Jewish possessions.” Joseph Schupack.

While many of these Fighting Jewish groups, who operated throughout Poland as partisans, recognised that they were fighting a common enemy, the Nazi’s. However, they were to be betrayed by many Polish civilians and were even murdered by groups associated to the Armia Krajowa. These Polish partisans were aligned to and represented the Polish Government in exile and acted in that capacity to exact a vengeance upon their own Jewish Communities. In line with much of Poland, here in Radzyn some 50 Jews had somehow Survived the catastrophe of The Holocaust. 

“..After ..annihilation of ..Jews came ..annihilation of ..Jewish fortunes.” Yehoshua Rosencrantz.

However, what they found upon returning to Radzyn was brutally made clear as they were not again wanted in their own homes, as having never been expected to have survived, Poles now occupied all that the Jews had owned. Along with the unwelcome treatment they received, whilst they had assumed they might receive some form of greeting for having defeated the common enemy, truth was a betrayal of morality here. While carrying the burden of what we now seek to know, and weighted down by a tattooed number which afforded them nothing, the Jewish Survivor was cast aside. 

“..arrived at Auschwitz. My number ..128262.” Joseph Schupack.

As any welcome was further from the truth and clearly, the fuller intentions of the Nazi’s, which was now merely exhaust fumes to a non-Jewish Polish community, who had been imbibing the carbon exhausts of more than 4,500,000 Jewish lives, ethics were depressed even further. In large part, 3,000,000 of these slaughtered were Polish Jews who travelled the least distance toward extinction and were observed clearly by their former community’s. In large part then, wherever the Jewish Survivor returned, there was no welcome to be had at the Inn.

“..like a stranded man among ..stranded ..a sufferer bound to all sufferers ..I stood alone in front of ..shambles of my life ..stopped when I was 17 ..and from which nothing could be salvaged or repaired.” Joseph Schupack.

For these Survivor Jews, who were forced to leave everything that they had formerly owned, and in order to escape further from a retribution for having dared to return, cruelty was such an arbiter of a long standing hatred. Here too in Radzyn, before contemptuous profiteers of such a catastrophe, who then ensured that the returning Jews too would be added to the overall atrocity, their escape took on another meaning. Hatred has always pitted community’s against the weakest within them, and Jewish Survivor’s were the weakest of the weak in terms of an ability to further resist.

“..I knew about Fischer in Radzyn ..Miedzyrzec ..and ..related what I had witnessed in Camp Dora.” Joseph Schupack.

In 2,000 years of persecution, Justice would not salve the despair of Jews, seen merely as the others in State after State throughout Europe. Nor could any sense of justice countenance a belief which preceded the Jewish People’s own monotheist systems, and such as Judaism afforded christianity its structure, that moral platform was laid to waste in the lands which Hitler offered nations a Jew free existence. Nor could the coming Israeli State expect equanimity or parity in human interaction from those who sought to still despise them. 

“..British ..marched into ..Belsen. ..April 15th. 1945 ..I was alive.” Joseph Schupack.

When Joseph Schupack finally answered the call to testify against a sadist, killer, murderer of innocents, who acted because he could, and with impunity, because they were Jews they were Slaughtered as Jews. This SS Untersturmfuhrer, the inhumane Fritz Fischer, who stood before the bar of history, and he was hanged from its branches, there were further millions just like him who were not even indicted, let alone tried nor hanged. As the person in charge of the SD branch office in Radzyn, Fischer oversaw the resettlement programme of Jews toward Treblinka.

“..I added up ..sad balance ..lost my whole Family ..Father ..Mother ..Grandmother ..Brother ..two Sisters ..Brother in Law ..Niece. ..way ..torn from me might have been unique ..even in that inferno.” Joseph Schupack.

Fischer led the murders of the Radzyn Jews in the nearby forests, he assisted in the clearance of Jews out of the Miedzyrzec Ghetto and they only hanged him. With The Holocaust that has consumed more than 6,000,000 Jews, and deep within that atrocity, any search or semblance of justice for such crimes, brutality, assault, hatred, death and destruction was abandoned. Consigned to that 2,000 year obligation for human, moral and ethical Justice, which humanity must demand on the part of these Jews, we have failed that too, and miserably.

“..I ..think about ..Jews ..killed shortly after ..war ..pogroms ..against Jews in post war Poland. After ..bestial nazis ..this was ..second worst page in history ..written by poles in Poland.” Joseph Schupack.

If there is no sense of guilt for such failure, then justice is a lie and the World can never mend those wounds borne along by lies, deceit and untruths. What the human race will then inherit is a burden that it will not recover from and though we are not responsible for these dreadful deeds, we must bare such guilt in the name of those who passed along the ruination of all cultural civilisation. Those who come after, and I include myself in this, become complicit in what happened more than 80 to 90 years ago and this has been further defined more fully by the irresponsible nature of a failed justice.

“..As a Survivor ..perhaps I ..made ..mistakes ..even caused some injustices to occur ..my intentions were always good.” Joseph Schupack.

We today can no longer look the other way, as we are to become the witnesses to that very past in our history where so many had chosen to not see. We must raise the mantle of concern to where it has to matter and figuring, that with the saving of human lives from being nullified, defied and destroyed, we make the whole of humanity prosper. Tragically, the scars left by The Holocaust atrocity has deeply etched its way across the surface of all of Europe and with a horror no human being can begin to imagine, it has soured the thought that culture could emanate from then on. 

“..To ..last Survivors were bequeathed ..agony of separation and ..mourning of relatives. ..a grievous privilege. In ..time ..left to a Survivor ..there ..remained hope in god and justice ..a vain belief in ..miracles.” Joseph Schupack.

While it is true that no one, other than the Jewish Consumed and the Jewish Survivor, those who have opened the pathway to the very terror we can read of and learn to know of, can know, we seek therefore to know of. With that sense of responsibility there is this eternal weight of concern owed to more than 6,000,000 Jews which we must continually shoulder. Having taken a form of ownership that will trouble our life and as it fails to ease any part of the burden too many Jews were forced to endure, we shore up the damage for all of humanity. 

“..As a Survivor ..perhaps I ..made ..mistakes ..even caused some injustices to occur ..my intentions were always good.” Joseph Schupack.

However, the sum total of the suffering of those Jewish People, who will never return, is heavily weighted against the continued longing of those Survivors who know exactly the very terminal aches of that pain. This devastating grief, which also belongs to those of us who wish to wade through the brutality, in the hope of a future committed to learning from this bitter past, will still not assuage the guilt of civilisation for what occurred. Thankfully, there are those Survivors, like Joseph Schupack, and so many others who resisted the temptation to become merely a number.

“..When I think back on ..pain ..torture in Ghetto ..suffering in Majdanek ..fear in Auschwitz ..hunger in Dora and Belsen ..that day in April ..world started over again for me and My People.” Joseph Schupack.

For those whose minds who refused to stay within the confines of that Auschwitz, Belzec, Birkenau, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor or Treblinka, or where the Nazi numerical system engulfed them, we owe to their memory our resolve to remember them. That any of these Jews retained a level of humanity which saw hope and delivered them toward freedom and eventually redeemed for them a State of Israel that would be theirs, we must recognise that in such a State resides:

“..Our plans ..Israel ..a Country of our own ..never again ..to depend on ..mercy of others.” Joseph Schupack.

After the war the Nazi criminal Fischer was put on trial in Poland and was sentenced to death and was hanged for some of his crimes in 1949. Even now, and with feigned indignation, particularly in Eastern block Country’s, the creation of the State of Israel saw a greater demand for ransoming Jews, so as to let their People go. There were of course, secret negotiations to purchase Jewish freedoms and all the while Jews were meant to serve out their waiting period securing other means of leverage for escape. 

“..fought ..resisted with ..my limited means. ..there are many ..who experienced similar or ..even worse hardship ..I respect ..admire ..those who engaged in greater resistance against ..Nazi butchers.” Joseph Schupack.

For me, not being a Jew is irrelevant in all I seek to bring forward as a human being about the calamity of that inhumanity shown to 6,000,000 and more of the Jewish Peoples. Jewishness is not only an inherited antecedence, it is an accepted practice of what it means to be a Jew and to recognise that no other being has the right to dissuade one from proclaiming their Jewishness and maintaining their life amongst us. If there is the ability to find out what it is to be a Jew, I have learned why it is impossible for me not to refute those who would argue against Jewish existence.

“..born a Jew. In ..past nazis ..stopped ..trains now it was ..polish ..armia krajowa. This ..filled me with hatred for these people and for that country.” Joseph Schupack.

So as to counter the intolerable hatred a Jew still endures for the sake of being a Jew we offer up what it meant in those, The Holocaust days what it meant to be so uncharitable as to be unchristian. Bringing Poland up to date on what was reprehensible within Poland, and what is astonishing to me, Poland seeks to dislodge itself geographically from its Nazi occupation, even though Poland was occupied by Poles too. While in truth we can only remember with integrity and know that a state is in its People, can Poland ignore that fact.

“..world ..awakened to ..outrageous injustice of Auschwitz. ..realised ..it is impossible and unreasonable for Jews to always exist as a minority ..always dependent on ..mercy and goodwill of other nations.” Joseph Schupack.

Meanwhile, as Polish Jewry was being decimated and the non-Jewish Poles remained in situ to witness everything that happened to their Jewish Neighbours, the truth of this is begrudgingly given. Having spoken to many Survivors it is perhaps typical that Memory plays an important part in their lives, which becomes an essential for all of us, so that we too may know of what they know. Piecing together what is missing and what has been taken from them, the Jewish Survivor has endure such catastrophic a loss of their Family, Friend, Community and this is widely known, as it is The Holocaust.

“..I can neither forget nor forgive those who helped ..Germans to exterminate us. Without their collaboration ..quite possibly every third or fourth Jew in Poland might have remained.” Joseph Schupack.

But, and when the Jewish People sum up all that is lost, they encounter all that proved of worth to them, Homes, Businesses, Lands, Monies, Valuables, Trinkets, Artefacts and the clutter of human persistence, was what their neighbours then chose to take from them. All of this adds up to theft a larceny upon which Hitler raised an inferno which engulfed more than just the Jewish People, but it is to the Jews that this takes from them so as to the crushing mix of loss. The artery of hatred which fully gorged itself upon the annihilation of 6,000,000 Jewish People was fed by a far reaching strand of Hitler’s bile.

“..years later ..people have .tired of their Auschwitz debts.” Joseph Schupack.

This hatred proved a European wide pandemic as it infested and infected otherwise normal people into this all consuming atrocity more than 6,000,000 Jews paid for with their lives. Here, and wherever the vicious nature of human unconcern met with a Jewish presence, Jewish life was to be clearly extinguished. Whether that Jewish presence was safely in their homes, or extracted from all they knew to be destroyed in their Country’s ranging from The Baltic States, through Poland, the Ukraine, Transnistria to the Crimea and in the midst of Western Europe, the Jews paid too inordinate a penalty for other’s intolerances and their indifferences.

“..Whatever transpires in this World I perceive through ..mirror of ..past.” Joseph Schupack.

The Necrology of some of  Radzyner’s Jews.

Ackereisen, Sheindel; Ackereisen, Child; Ackereisen, Child (Or more): Ackerman, Nochuniah (Dyer); Ackerman, Wife; Ackerman, Child; Ackerman, Child (Or more): Ackerman, Shaulke; Ackerman, Wife; Ackerman, Child;  Ackerman, Child (Or more): Ackerman, Schoel: Adamovski, Itsche Meir; Adamovski, Wife: Adelman, Batyah: Adelman, Menachem (Quilter); Adelman, Wife; Adelman, Child;  Adelman, Child (Or more):   Adelman, Meir (Tailor); Adelman, Wife; Adelman, Child;                      Adelman, Child (Or more):  Adelman, Moshe (Quilter); Adelman, Wife; Adelman, Child;                  Adelman, Child (Or more): Adelman, Tuviah: Adelman, Velvel (The Katshuba); Adelman, Wife; Adelman, Child; Adelman, Child (Or more): Agman, Yaakov Leib; Agman, Child;                                  Agman, Child (Or more): Appelboim, Laizer; Appelboim, Wife: Appeloig, Berl Leib; Appeloig, Wife; Appeloig, Child; Appeloig, Child (Or more): Appeloig, Moishe; Appeloig, Wife; Appeloig, Child; Appeloig, Child (Or more): Appeloig, Moshe Bunims (Shoemaker); Appeloig, Wife; Appeloig, Child; Appeloig, Child (Or more): Appeloig, Shlomo; Appeloig, Wife: Appeloig, Yankel; Appeloig, Wife; Appeloig, Child: Aronyack, Chava: Arye’s, Hershel (Tailor); Arye’s, Family: Arye, Moishe Hershel;  Arye, Wife; Arye, Child; Arye, Child (Or more): Asher, The Blind; Asher, Family:      

Bandeh, Shaul (Tailor); Bandeh, Wife; Bandeh, Child; Bandeh, Child (Or more):                             Bartek, Scheindele (Laundress): Bashe, Sarah, (Reuven Pomerantz’s Daughter); Bashe, Child;     Bashe, Child: Becker, Yekutiel; Becker, Child; Becker, Child (Or more): Becker, Yosef (Yekutiel’s Son); Becker, Child; Becker, Child (Or more): Berchat, Hertzke (Shoemaker); Berchat, Wife; Berchat, Child; Berchat, Child (Or more): Berchat, Simchale (Shoemaker); Berchat, Wife; Berchat, Child;           Berchat, Child (Or more): Berman, Avraham; Berman, Wife; Berman, Child:                             Berman, Chaim Reuven (Quilt Maker); Berman, Wife; Berman, Child: Berman, Chana:         Berman, Elisheva; Berman, Child; Berman, Child (Or more); Berman, Freideh: Berman, Leah:  Berman, Moshe (Tailor); Berman, Wife; Berman, Child; Berman, Child (Or more): Berman, Mosheh;  Berman, Wife: Berman, Sarah Feige (Bar Tender); Berman, Child; Berman, Child (Or more):     Berman, Sheindel; Berman, Child; Berman, Child (Or more): Berman, Teme Yente; Berman, Husband: Berman, Yaakov; Berman, Wife; Berman, Child; Berman, Child (Or more): Berman, Yankele:     Berman, Yudel (Tailor); Berman, Wife; Berman, Child: Bernzon, Shaye; Bernzon, Wife; Bernzon, Child; Bernzon, Child (Or more): Bershtenmacher, Yosef Eli; Bershtenmacher, Child;            Bershtenmacher, Child (Or more): Biderman, Shlomo (Nega); Biderman, Family:                                        Binem, Wife of (Moshe the Shoemaker); Binem, Child; Binem, Child (Or more):                   Blachovitsh, Leah (Wife of Alter); Blachovitsh, Child; Blachovitsh, Child (Or More):              Blachovitsh, Shammai (Tinsmith): Blachovitch  Yaakov; Blachovitsh, Family:                    Blachovitsh, Yisrael (Tinsmith); Blachovitsh, Wife: Blachovitsh, Yisrael (Alter’s Son); Blachovitsh, Wife; Blachovitsh, Child; Blachovitsh, Child (Or more): Blachovitsh, Yisrael:                                       Blachovitsh, (Son of Blonde Yaakov); Blachovitsh, Wife; Blachovitsh, Child;                            Blachovitsh, Child (Or more): Blechovitz, Chaya (Wife of Yaakov Blechovitz); Blechovitz, Yaakov; Blechovitz, Chaya; Blechovitz, Family: Blumen, Avraham; Blumen, Wife; Blumen, Child;            Blumen, Child (Or more): Blumen, Leah; Blumen, Child; Blumen, Child (Or more):         Blumen, Yosef (Barber); Blumen, Wife; Blumen, Child; Blumen, Child (Or more): Blumenfeld, Shaul; Blumenfeld, Wife; Blumenfeld, Leibush; Blumenfeld, Child (Or more): Blumenknop, Velvel; Blumenknop, Wife: Blumenkop, Mattityahu: Blumenkop, Moshe; Blumenkop, Son;              Blumenkop, Yankel; Blumenkop, Wife; Blumenkop, Child; Blumenkop, Child (Or more):    Blumenkopf, Miriam: Blumenkopf, (Miriams 13 year old Daughter): Bober, Yankel; Bober, Wife; Bober, Child; Bober, Child (Or more): Borchovsky, Leah; Borchovsky, Child;                               Borchovsky, Child (Or more): Brezer Family: Bronitzki, Shmuel Leib; Bronitzki, Family:                  Burak, Chaim (Fisherman); Burak, Wife; Burak, Child; Burak, Child (Or more): Burak, Gershon (Tailor); Burak, Wife; Burak, Child; Burak, Child (Or more): Burak, Moishe (Fisherman); Burak, Wife;        Burak, Child; Burak, Child (Or more): Burshtin, Avraham; Burshtin, Family:                           Burshtin, Itshe Meir (Merchant); Burshtin, Family: Burshtin, Menachem; Burshtin, Family:       Burshtin Yechiel: Butman, Yitzchak (Bieh) (Tailor); Butman, Wife; Butman, Child;                          Butman, Child (Or more): Chaim, Eishe (Levi’s Son in-Law); Chaim, Family:                                Chavaleh, Little Chava (Die Kleine); Chudaver, Gittel; Chudaver, Family:

Damb, Yaakov; Damb, Wife; Damb, Child; Damb, Child (Or more): Danilak, Mendel (Book Binder); Danilak, Wife; Danilak, Child; Danilak, Child (Or more): Dann, Hershel; Dann, Wife:                       Diamont, Chaim (Lublin Prison February 17th. 1942)(Hat Maker); Diamont, Wife; Diamont, Child; Diamont, Child (Or more): Domininer, Moishe (Shoemaker); Domininer, Wife; Domininer, Child; Domininer, Child (Or more):  

Ehkaeizer, Boruch; Ehkaeizer, Wife: Eisen, Avraham Velvel (Brushmaker); Eisen, Wife; Eisen, Child; Eisen, Child (Or more): Eisen, Hershel (Butcher); Eisen, Family: Eisen, Nechemia (Butcher);           Eisen, Family: Eisen, Shlomo Zalman (Butcher); Eisen, Family: Eisen, Yitzchak (Butcher); Eisen, Family: Eisenberg, Moishe (Grain Merchant from Stok); Eisenberg, Wife; Eisenberg, Child;                   Eisenberg, Child (Or more): Eizens, Yisroel Mendel (Butcher); Eizens, Family:                      Engelman, Shmulke (Synagogue Sexton); Engelman, Wife; Engelman, Child;                                 Engelman, Child (Or more):

Faal, Feivel; Faal, Wife; Faal, Child; Faal, Child (Or more): Fantshak, Gershon Henich; Fantshak, Wife; Fantshak, Child; Fantshak, Child (Or more): Fantshak, Hershel: Farbiash, Shmuel (Butcher);   Fairbiash, Wife; Fairbiash, Child: Fartik, Mordechai (Tailor); Fartik, Wife; Fartik, Child;                  Fartik, Child (Or more): Fass, Yechezkel; Fass, Wife; Fass, Child; Fass, Child (Or more): Fass, Yehoshua; Fass, Wife; Fass, Child; Fass, Child (Or more): Feigenblat, Noach; Feigenblat, Wife; Feigenblat, Child; Feigenblat, Child (Or more): Feigenboim, Adel; Feigenboim, Child; Feigenboim, Child (Or more): Feigenboim, Eliyahu; Feigenboim, Wife; Feigenboim, Child; Feigenboim, Child (Or more):   Feigenboim, Reshe; Feigenboim, Child; Feigenboim, Child (Or more):                                                  Fein, Rebbe Chaim (The Rabbi of Radzyn); Fein, Child; Fein, Child (Or more):                                    Fenick, Sarah Perel (Butcher); Fenick, Family: Fenig, (Butcher); Fenig, Wife; Fenig, Child;                         Fenig, Child (Or more); Fenig, Velvel, Fenif, Wife; Fenig, Child: Fest, Reeva: Finkelstein, Avraham Leib; Finkelstein, Wife; Finkelstein, Child; Finkelstein, Child (Or more): Finkelstein, Chaim;            Finkelstein, Wife; Finkelstein, Child; Finkelstein, Child (Or more): Finkelstein, Yehoshua;     Finkelstein, Wife; Finkelstein, Son: Finkelstein, (Yehoshua’s Son); Finkelstein, Wife:             Finkelstien, Leibel (Shipping Clerk); Finkelstien, Family: Finkelstien, Nachum Tzadok;           Finkelstien, Family: Finkelstien, Shamai; Finkelstien, Family: Fishboim; Fishboim, Wife;          Fishboim, Child; Fishboim, Child (Or more): Fleisick, Feivel (Grain Merchant); Fleisick, Wife;      Fleisick, Child; Fleisick, Child (Or more): Fleisick, Shlomoh Lozer (Butcher); Fleisick, Wife;          Fleisick, Child; Fleisick, Child (Or more): Fletzman, Sister; Fletzman, Sister; Fletzman, Sister;  Fletzman, Sister: Freedman, Motke (Scribe); Freedman, Wife; Freedman, Child:                      Freedman, Yehoshua (Teacher); Freedman, Wife; Freedman, Child; Freedman, Child (Or more): Freedman, Yisroel Isser; Freedman, Wife; Freedman, Child; Freedman, Child (Or more):            Freter, Berl (Shtrik); Freter, Wife; Freter, Child; Freter, Child (Or more): Freter, Hershel (Shtrik); Freter, Wife; Freter, Child; Freter, Child (Or more): Freter, Yosef; Freter, Wife; Freter, Child;       Freter, Child (Or more): Frident, Chaim; Frident, Wife; Frident, Child; Frident, Child (Or more): Fruchtman, Yehudith (nee Zigelman); Fruchtman, Husband; Fruchtman, Child;                             Fruchtman, Child (Or more): Fruchtnberg, Mordechai (Wagoner); Fruchtnberg, Family:    Fruchtnberg, Yantel, (Wagoner); Fruchtnberg, Family:

Ganski, Shimon; Ganski, Wife; Ganski, Child; Ganski, Child (Or more):Gelerman,                             Chaim Yitzchak (Paint Merchant); Gelerman, Wife; Gelerman, Child; Gelerman, Child (Or more): Gelibter, Leahtshe; Gelibter, Husband; Gelibter, Child; Gelibter, Child (Or more):                       Gelibter, Yaakov Leib; Gelibter, Wife; Gelibter, Child; Gelibter, Child (Or more): Gellerman, Moshke; Gellerman, Scholke: Goldapple, Yitzchak (Painter Artist); Goldapple, Child;                       Goldapple, Child (Or more): Goldberg, Nachke; Goldberg, Wife; Goldberg, Child: Goldbord, Fayge: Goldfarb; Nochum Yankel; Goldfarb, Wife; Goldfarb, Child; Goldfarb, Child (Or more):                   Goldreich, Yossel; Goldreich, Wife; Goldreich, Child; Goldreich, Child (Or more):                                Goldshtein, Ovadia (Ritual Slaughterer); Goldshtein, Wife; Goldshtein, Child;                             Goldshtein, Child (Or more): Goldshtein, Yudale (Shoemaker); Goldshtein, Wife; Goldshtein, Child; Goldshtein, Child (Or more): Goldstein, Yankel (Lumber Merchant); Goldstein, Wife; Goldstein, Child; Goldstein, Child (Or more):  Goldwasser, Ephraim; Goldwasser, Wife; Goldwasser, Child;          Goldwasser, Child (Or more): Goldwasser, Frede: Goldwasser, Gedalia (Grain Merchant); Goldwasser, Wife; Goldwasser, Child; Goldwasser, Child (Or more):                                              Goldwasser, Matityahu (Bookeeper); Goldwasser, Wife; Goldwasser, Child: Goldwasser, Shimon; Goldwasser, Family: Goldwasser, Simcha (Bank Director); Goldwasser, Wife; Goldwasser, Child; Goldwasser, Child (Or more): Goldwasser, Yechiel; Goldwasser, Wife; Goldwasser, Child;     Goldwasser, Child (Or more): Gotteleh; Gotteleh, Wife; Gotteleh, Child; Gotteleh, Child (Or more): Gottesdiner, Henich; Gottesdiner, Wife; Gottesdiner, Child; Gottesdiner, Child (Or more): Gottesdiner, Hindeh, (Chaya Bayle’s Daughter); Gottesdiner, Child; Gottesdiner, Child (Or more): Gottesdiner, Yankel; Gottesdiner, Wife; Gottesdiner, Child; Gottesdiner, Child (Or more): Gradovtshik, Moshe: Greenberg, Avraham; Greenberg, Wife; Greenberg, Child;                             Greenberg, Child (Or more): Greenberg, Avraham (Baker); Greenberg, Wife; Greenberg, Child; Greenberg, Child (Or more): Greenblatt, Yechezkel; Greenblatt, Wife; Greenblatt, Child;     Greenblatt, Child (Or more): Gritzmacher, Ben Zion (Shoemaker); Gritzmacher, Family:

Handelsman, Zalman Mechal: Hardshtein, Yitzchak (Quilt Maker); Hardshtein, Wife;            Hardshtein, Child; Hardshtein, Child (Or more): Heibloom, Mendel; Heibloom, Wife; Heibloom, Child; Heibloom, Child (Or more): Heiblum, Motil (Fisherman); Heiblum, Wife; Heiblum, Child;       Heiblum, Child (Or more): Helfenboim, Shmuel; Helfenboim, Wife; Helfenboim, Child;           Helfenboim, Child (Or more): Herbst, Elimelech; Herbst, Wife; Herbst, Child; Herbst, Child (Or more): Herbst, Moishe; Herbst, Wife; Herbst, Child; Herbst, Child (Or more): Herman, Avraham;                Herman, Wife: Herman, Berl; Herman, Wife: Herman, Boruch; Herman, Wife: Herman, Isaac (Miller); Herman, Wife:  Herman, Matityahu; Herman, Wife: Herman, Yechiel (Miller); Herman, Wife; Herman, Child; Herman, Child (Or more): Hersh, Yidel (Shoemaker); Hersh, Wife; Hersh, Child;  Hersh, Child (Or more): Himmelboim, Hershel (Hatmaker); Himmelboim, Wife; Himmelboim Child; Himmelboim, Child (Or more): Himmelboim, Rivka; Himmelboim, Husband; Himmelboim, Child; Himmelboim Child (Or more): Himmelboim, Sime Pese (Hatmaker); Himmelboim Husband; Himmelboim, Child: Hirshbein, Chaim Zishe; Hirshbein, Wife; Hirshbein, Child;                        Hirshbein, Child (Or more): Hirshbein, Felitzia: Hochboim, Toltzeh; Hochboim, Child;            Hochboim, Child (Or more): Hochboim, Yankel; Hochboim, Wife; Hochboim, Child: Hochman, Yankel; Hochman, Wife; Hochman, Child; Hochman, Child (Or more): Horaha, Moreh:

Isaacs, Meir Yoel (Wagoner); Isaacs, Wife; Isaacs, Child; Isaacs, Child (Or more):

Kalenko, Moshe (The Blonde One); Kalenko, Wife; Kalenko, Child; Kalenko, Child: Kalinka, Wife; Kalinka, Son; Kalinka, Daughter: Kamienyetzka, Sara; Kamienyetzka, Child;            Kamienyetzka, Child (Or more): Kapshtack, Alter; Kapshtack, Wife; Kapshtack, Child;             Kapshtack, Child (Or more): Kaptchak, Moishe (Veves) (Wagoner); Kaptchak, Family:              Kaptchak, Moshe; Kaptchak, Wife; Kaptchak, Child; Kaptchak, Child (Or more): Kaschemacher, Alter: Kashemacher, Sheindel (Bartek); Kashemacher, Shalom (Son of Sheindel): Kashemacher, Yisachar; Kashemacher, Wife; Kashemacher, Child; Kashemacher, Child (Or more): Kashenmacher, Eli (Tailor); Kashenmacher, Wife; Kashenmacher, Child; Kashenmacher, Child (Or more):                         Kashenmacher, Shmuelke (Tailor); Kashenmacher, Wife; Kashenmacher, Child;                   Kashenmacher, Child (Or more): Kashtenboim, Chana; Kashtenboim, Child;                        Kashtenboim, Child (Or more): Katz, Avraham Mordecai (Dispatch Clerk); Katz, Family: Katzenelboigen, Motiye (Bashe’s Son): Kaveh, Gershon; Kaveh, Family:                                   Kavelblum, Yisrael Hersch (Baker); Kavelblum, Child; Kavelblum, Child (Or more): Kawelblum, Family: Keiytelgisser, Yehoshua; Keiytelgisser, Wife; Keiytelgisser, Child; Keiytelgisser, Child (Or more): Kimmel, Shmuel; Kimmel, Wife; Kimmel, Child; Kimmel, Child (Or more):                         Kirszner, Chanina (Butter Merchant); Kirszner, Wife; Kirszner, Child; Kirszner, Child (Or more);     Klein, Meir (Ritual Slaughterer); Klein, Wife; Klein, Child; Klein, Child (Or more): Kleinbaum, Family: Kleinboim, Shimon; Kleinboim, Wife; Kleinboim, Child: Kleinman, Mendil; Kleinman, Wife:    Kleinman, Aaron Hersh; Kleinman, Wife; Kleinman, Child; Kleinman, Child (Or more): Kleinman, Leah: Kleinman, Shmuel (from Kotzk); Kleinman, Wife; Kleinman, Child: Kleinman, Tzviah;      Kleinman, Husband; Kleinman, Child: Kleinman, Yosef; Kleinman, Wife; Kleinman, Child;       Kleinman, Child (Or more): Klezmer, Velvel; Klezmer, Family: Kligsberg, Nechama; Kligsberg, Child; Kligsberg, Child (Or more): Klinkeh, Moishe: Kochman, Dovid (Baker); Kochman, Wife;                    Kochman, Child; Kochman, Child (Or more): Kopelman, Hershel; Kopelman, Wife:                  Kopelman, Neche (Kaplak): Koptshak, Itzele (Wagoner); Koptshak, Family:                      Koptshak, Mordechai (Wagoner); Koptshak, Family: Koptshak, Pinchas (Wagoner); Koptshak, Family: Koptshak, Shaye (Wagoner); Koptshak, Wife; Koptshak, Child; Koptshak, Child (Or more):     Koptshak, Shimon Hersh (Wagoner); Koptshak, Family: Koptshak, Simcha Geler (Wagoner);  Koptshak, Family: Koptshak, Tileh; Koptshak, Family: Kotlarska, Menuchle:                             Kotzker, Hershel  (Shoemaker); Kotzker, Wife; Kotzker, Child; Kotzker, Child (Or more):             Kotzker, Yankel (Shoemaker); Kotzker, Wife; Kotzker, Child; Kotzker, Child (Or more):     Koveblum, Chaim Shimon; Koveblum, Wife; Koveblum, Child: Kovelblum, Heitze; Kovelblum, Child; Kovelblum, Child (Or more): Kovelblum, Yosef Ahron (Baker); Kovelblum, Wife:                               Kratzshtein, Meir Laizer; Kratzshtein, Wife; Kratzshtein, Child; Kratzshtein, Child (Or more):         Krein, Yaakov Leib (Tailor); Krein, Wife; Krein, Child; Krein, Child (Or more): Krein, Yankel (Tailor); Krein, Wife; Krein, Child; Krein, Child (Or more): Kroinenberg, Mechel (Wagoner);             Kroinenberg, Family: Kronenberg,  Dovid (Wagoner): Kuperschmidt, Yosef; Kuperschmidt, Wife; Kuperschmidt, Child; Kuperschmidt, Child (Or more): Kuperschmit, Zalman (Shoemaker); Kuperschmit, Wife; Kuperschmit, Child; Kuperschmit, Child (Or more):                                                  Kupietz, Avraham Chaim (Dry Goods Merchant); Kupietz, Wife; Kupietz, Child;                              Kupietz, Child (Or more): Kupietz, Benjamin (Wood Merchant); Kupietz, Chana Bracha; Kupietz, Child; Kupietz, Child (Or more): Kupietz, Mendel; Kupietz, Wife; Kupietz, Child: Kupietz, Shimon;       Kupietz, Wife; Kupietz, Child; Kupietz, Child (Or more): Kupietz, Yaakov Moshe; Kupietz, Wife; Kupietz, Child: Kupietz, Yantshe; Kupietz, Wife: Kupitz, Roisia; Kupitz, Eliyahu (Rosia’s 15 yer old Son):

Label der Lomer (Teacher from Lom); Label der Lomer, Wife; Label der Lomer, Child;                     Label der Lomer, Child (Or more): Lamke, David; Lamke, Wife; Lamke, Child; Lamke, Child (Or more): Leichter, Yitzchak; Leichter, Wife; Leichter, Child; Leichter, Child (Or more):                                     Leiner, Rebbe Shmuel  Shlomo (The Great Scholar); Leiner, Shifra Mirl, (nee Kalish); Leiner, Brakha; Leiner, Hadasa; Leiner, Iuta; Leiner, Khava; Leiner, Mordekhai Eliezer; Leiner, Sara Zelda;           Leiner, Mother; Leiner, Sister: Lemberg, Yisroel (Shoemaker); Lemberg, Wife; Lemberg, Child; Lemberg, Child (Or more): Levenda, Shlomo (Smith); Levenda, Wife; Levenda, Child;          Levenda, Child (Or more): Levi, Feige Rivke; Levi, Husband; Levi, Child:                                                   Levi, Gittele (Avraham Moishe’s Daughter): Levi, Rishe; Levi, Family: Levi, Shammai (Scribe);          Levi, Wife; Levi, Child; Levi, Child (Or more): Levi, Yankel; Levi, Wife; Levi, Child; Levi, Child (Or more): Levinstein, Itsche; Levinstein, Wife; Levinstein, Child; Levinstein, Child (Or more):                  Levy, Levi (Shoemaker); Levy, Wife; Levy, Child: Libfreind, Simcha:                               Lichtenstein, Beril (Son of Yoel Midlarnick); Lichtenstein, Wife; Lichtenstein, Child:            Lichtenstein, Berl (Son of Yankel Lichtenstein): Lichtenstein, David: Lichtenstein, Dovid;    Lichtenstein, Wife; Lichtenstein, Child; Lichtenstein, Child (Or more): Lichtenstein, Isroel (Teacher); Lichtenstein, Family: Lichtenstein, Leibel; Lichtenstein, Wife; Lichtenstein, Child;                         Lichtenstein, Child (Or more): Lichtenstein, Sender; Lichtenstein, Wife; Lichtenstein, Child: Lichtenstein, Shimon; Lichtenstein, Wife: Lichtenstein, Simon: Lichtenstein, Yantshe (Painter Artist); Lichtenstein, Wife; Lichtenstein, Daughter: Lichtenstein, Yocheved; Lichtenstein, Child;     Lichtenstein, Child (Or more): Lichtenstein, Yosef Midlarnick (The Soapmaker); Lichtenstein, Wife; Lichtenstein, Child; Lichtenstein, Child (Or more): Lieberzon, Lieber (Shoemaker); Lieberzon, Wife; Lieberzon, Child; Lieberzon, Child (Or more): Lifshitz, Moshe; Lifshitz, Wife; Lifshitz, Child;         Lifshitz, Child (Or more): Lifshitz, Shaul: Lipe, Hershel (Teacher); Lipe, Wife; Lipe, Child;                            Lipe, Child (Or more): Lozer, Henia: Lozer, Yaakov; Lozer, Wife; Lozer, Child; Lozer, Child (Or more): Lublinerman, Leibel; Lublinerman, Wife; Lublinerman, Child; Lublinerman, Child (Or more):           Luft, Mottele (Scribe); Luft, Wife; Luft, Child: Luft, Shlome Dovid; Luft, Wife; Luft, Child;                  Luft, Child (Or more): Lust, Charne; Lust, Child: Lust, Yossel (Mezzuzah Scribe); Lust, Family:         Lynn; Mendil:

Mandelbaum: Maneshes, Hinde (Yoel Isaac’s Wife); Maneshes, Family: Mantshaz, Yosel;     Mantshaz, Wife; Mantshaz, Child; Mantshaz, Child (Or more): Meicher, Chaim (Tailor);           Meicher, Wife; Meicher, Child; Meicher, Child (Or more): Meicher, Esther; Meicher, Child;     Meicher, Child (Or more): Melinasz,  Chaim Zelig (Scribe); Melinasz, Wife; Melinasz, Child;     Melinasz, Child (Or more): Melinasz, Mordechai (Pamp); Melinasz, Wife; Melinasz, Child;      Melinasz, Child (Or more): Meria, Shia (Glazier); Meria, Wife; Meria, Child; Meria, Child (Or more): Mletshak, Nissan (Tailor); Mletshak, Wife; Mletshak, Child; Mletshak, Child (Or more):      Moishele, The Rabinical Judge; Moishele, Family: Monish, (Shoemaker); Monish, Wife;             Monish, Child; Monish, Child (Or more): Montshaz, Elimelech (Harness Maker); Montshaz, Wife; Montshaz, Child; Montshaz, Child  (Or more): Morgenshtern, Sarah’tshe; Morgenshtern, Child: Mushkat Esther: Mushkat, Shlomo; Mushkat, Wife; Mushkat, Child; Mushkat, Child (Or more):

Neiman,  Mordechai (Barber); Neiman, Wife; Neiman, Child; Neiman, Child (Or more):         Nirenberg-Hochmans, Sarah; Nirenberg-Hochmans, Child; Nirenberg-Hochmans, Child;       Nirenberg-Hochmans, Child: Nirenberg, Yossel; Nirenberg, Wife; Nirenberg, Child;                 Nirenberg, Child (Or more): Nissboim, Efraim (Porter); Nissboim, Wife; Nissboim, Child;        Nissboim, Child (Or more): Nissboim, Fishel (2nd. hand Goods Dealer); Nissboim, Wife;         Nissboim, Child; Nissboim, Child (Or more): Nissboim, Moishele; Nissboim, Wife; Nissboim, Child; Nissboim, Child (Or more): Nissenboim, Henik (from Yoellasvinsk); Nissenboim, Son;         Nissenboim, Grandson; Nissenkorn, Menachem; Nissenkorn, Family: Nissenkorn, Moshe; Nissenkorn, Family: Nissenkorn, Tziril; Nissenkorn, Husband; Nissenkorn, Child;                    Nissenkorn, Child (Or more): Nissenkorn, Yossel; Nissenkorn, Family: Nussblat, Yisroel;           Nussblat, Wife; Nussblat, Daughter; Nussblat, Daughter (Or more): Nussboim, Henich;         Nussboim, Wife; Nussboim, Child; Nussboim, Child (Or more): Nussboim, Hershel; Nussboim, Wife; Nussboim, Child; Nussboim, Child (Or more): Nussboim, Moshe; Nussboim, Wife; Nussboim, Child; Nussboim, Child (Or more): Nussboim, Yankel; Nussboim, Wife; Nussboim, Child;        Nussboim, Child (Or more):    

Pasternak, Pesach (Pietsh) (Water Carrier); Pasternak, Wife; Pasternak, Child;                          Pasternak, Child (Or more): Patchkes, Dovid: Pesachovitz, Moishe Laizer (Tailor); Pesachovitz, Wife; Pesachovitz, Child; Pesachovitz, Child (Or more): Pinkus, Sholom; Pinkus, Wife; Pinkus, Child;     Pinkus, Child (Or more): Pomerantz, Avishi Melech (Merchant); Pomerantz, Family:           Pomeranietz, Bayleh (Woolen Scarf Maker); Pomeranietz, Child; Pomeranietz, Child (Or more): Pomerantz, Reuven (Porter); Pomerantz, Wife; Pomerantz, Child; Pomerantz, Child (Or more): Ponczaks, Family: Pontshak, Yitzchak (Shoemaker); Pontshak, Wife; Pontshak, Child;                    Pontshak, Child (Or more): Pontshak, Yechezkel  (Shoemaker); Pontshak, Wife; Pontshak, Child; Pontshak, Child (Or more): Pontshak, Lieber (Shoemaker); Pontshak, Wife; Pontshak, Child; Pontshak, Child (Or more): Pshenitza, Mottel (Tailor); Pshenitza, Wife; Pshenitza, Child;        Pshenitza, Child (Or more): Pshenitza, Yankel (Tailor); Pshenitza, Wife; Pshenitza, Child;        Pshenitza, Child (Or more): Pshenizeh, Yosef Eli; Pshenizeh, Wife; Pshenizeh, Child;         Pshenizeh, Child (Or more):

Ratushnik, (Doctor); Ratushnik, Wife; Ratushnik, Child: Ravniak, Moshe (Paver); Ravniak, Wife; Ravniak, Child; Ravniak, Child (Or more): Ravniak, Yekutiel (Paver); Ravniak, Wife; Ravniak, Child; Ravniak, Child (Or more): Reichenberg, Leibel; Reichenberg, Wife; Reichenberg, Son:          Reichnadel,  Berl (Barrel Maker); Reichnadel, Wife; Reichnadel, Child; Reichnadel, Child (Or more: Rimasz, Chaim; Rimasz, Wife; Rimasz, Child; Rimasz, Child (Or more): Rimasz, Shalom;               Rimasz, Wife; Rimasz, Child; Rimasz, Child (Or more): Roitman: Roitman, Broche; Roitman, Child; Roitman, Child (Or more): Rosenberg, Dovid (from Sochavol); Rosenberg, Wife; Rosenberg, Child; Rosenberg, Child (Or more): Rosenberg, Itsche (Baker); Rosenberg, Child;                               Rosenberg, Child (Or more): Rosenboim,  Elchanan; Rosenboim, Wife; Rosenboim, Child;  Rosenboim, Child (Or more): Rosenboim, Kalman; Rosenboim, Wife; Rosenboim, Child;       Rosenboim, Child (Or more): Rosenboim, Meir (Quilter); Rosenboim, Wife; Rosenboim, Child; Rosenboim, Child (Or more): Rosenboim,  Reuven (Barber); Rosenboim, Wife; Rosenboim, Child: Rosenboim, Shammai; Rosenboim, Wife: Rosenboim, Yankel (The Blind One); Rosenboim, Wife; Rosenboim, Child; Rosenboim, Child (Or more): Rosenboim, Yeshiah; Rosenboim, Wife;         Rosenboim, Child; Rosenboim, Child (Or more): Rosenfeld, Laibel; Rosenfeld, Wife; Rosenfeld, Child; Rosenfeld, Child (Or more): Rosenfeld, Shlomo: Rosenkrantz, Yankel; Rosenkrantz, Wife; Rosenkrantz, Child; Rosenkrantz, Child (Or more): Rosenwald, Itche; Rosenwald, Wife;                 Rosenwald, Child; Rosenwald, Child (Or more): Rosenwald, Shaul Henich; Rosenwald, Wife; Rosenwald, Child; Rosenwald, Child (Or more): Rotberg; Rotberg, Family: Rotberg, Abatsche (Tailor); Rotberg, Wife; Rotberg, Child; Rotberg, Child (Or more): Rotberg, Dovid (Feivush’s) (Tailor);   Rotberg, Wife; Rotberg, Child; Rotberg, Child (Or more): Rotberg, Feige; Rotberg, Child;           Rotberg, Child (Or more): Rotberg, Pessach; Rotberg, Wife; Rotberg, Child:                          Rotberg, Tove Gritzmacher; Rotberg, Child: Rotberg, Yonale; Rotberg, Wife; Rotberg, Child;    Rotberg, Child (Or more): Rotshtein, (Yisroel Shimon’s Wife); Rothshtein, Child;                     Rothshtein, Child (Or more): Rotshtein, Moishe Shayeh; Rotshtein, Wife; Rotshtein, Child;   Rotshtein, Child (Or more): Rotshtein, Rochele; Rotshtein, Child; Rotshtein, Child (Or more):  Rotstein, Berl (Shoemaker); Rotstein, Wife; Rotstein, Child; Rotstein, Child (Or more):       Rubinshtein, Hershel; Rubinshtein, Wife; Rubinshtein, Child; Rubinshtein, Child (Or more): Rubinshtein, Tabeh: Rubinstein, Yankel; Rubinstein, Wife; Rubinstein, Child;                              Rubinstein, Child (Or more): Rubinshtein, Yehoshua (Yoresh); Rubinshtein, Wife; Rubinshtein, Child; Rubinshtein, Child (Or more): Rubinstein, Berl (Saloon Keeper); Rubinstein, Wife; Rubinstein, Child; Rubinstein, Child (Or more): 

Saltzer, Dinah; Saltzer, Family: Saltzer, Sarah: Saltzer, Shimon (Tailor); Saltzer, Wife; Saltzer, Child:  Saltzer, Yisroelke; Saltzer, Family: Samiatizki, Moshe; Samiatizki, Wife: Sapir, Chava (Watchmaker); Sapir, Husband; Sapir, Child; Sapir, Child (Or more): Sarahke-Fanes, Reuven (Miller);                      Sarahke-Fanes, Wife; Sarahke-Fanes, Child; Sarahke-Fanes, Child (Or more): Scheinmann, Eliyahu; Scheinmann, Wife; Scheinmann, Son: Schneider, Hershel (Bartek); Schneider, Family:             Schneider, Yoel; Schneider, Wife; Schneider, Child: Schtzupak, Mishel; Schzupak, Wife;               Schzupak, Child: Schtzupak, Mordecai; Schtzupak, Wife; Schtzupak, Child: Schtzupak, Yoseph; Schupack, Bobeshi Basia-Gella; Schupack, Idessa; Schupack, Husband;                                           Schupack, Daughter (5 years of age): Schupack, Meier (Lublin Prison February 17th. 1942):  Schupack, Sonia: Schuster, Yankele; Schuster, Child; Schuster, Child (Or more):                                   Scniezsac, Tzalkeh (Shoemaker); Scniezsac, Family: Seltzer, Israel; Seltzer, Wife:                          Shaimes’ (Daughter Chaya Yehudith); Shaimes’ Grandson: Shampam  Chaim Leib (Shoemaker); Shampam, Wife; Shampam, Child; Shampam, Child (Or more):                                                            Shapiro-Turkeltoib, Miriam (School Teacher): Shlafshtein, Avraham  Porter); Shlafshtein, Wife; Shlafshtein, Child; Shafshtein, Child (Or more): Shlafshtein, Yoel (Merchant); Shlafshtein, Wife; Shlafshtein, Child; Shlafshtein, Child (Or more): Shlep, Yonaleh (Storekeeper); Shlep, Wife;          Shlep, Child; Shlep, Child (Or more): Shlimak, Yitzchak; Shlimak, Wife: Shteinberg, Pinieh;  Shteinberg, Wife; Shteinberg, Child; Shteinberg, Child (Or more): Shteinberg, Smuel Gottel (Butcher); Shteinberg, Wife; Shteinberg, Child; Shteinberg, Child (Or more): Shteper, Chaim; Shteper, Wife; Shteper, Child; Shteper, Child (Or more): Shtshetshshinaz, Chayah Esther; Shtshetshshinaz, Child; Shtshetshshinaz, Child (Or more): Shuchmacher, Avraham; Shuchmacher, Wife; Shuchmacher, Son: Shuchmacher, Yaakov (Teacher); Shuchmacher, Avramke (Son of Yaakov):                        Shuchmacher, Yankel (Pepper Grinder); Shuchmacher, Child; Shuchmacher, Child (Or more): Shulshtein, Aharon (Baker); Shulshtein, Wife; Shulshtein, Child; Shulshtein, Child (Or more): Shulshtein, Yaakov Zelig; Shulshtein, Wife; Shulshtein, Child; Shulshtein, Child (Or more):       Shumlak, Leybel (Wagoner); Shumlak, Child; Shumlak, Child (Or more): Shuster, Shmuel Leib; Shuster, Wife: Slavic, Yaakov Shmuel (Tailor); Slavic, Wife; Slavic, Child; Slavic, Child (Or more): Slimak, Family: Smetanka, Meir (Pantsmaker); Smetanka, Wife; Smetanka, Child;                  Smetanka, Child (Or more): Smetanka, Moishe (Pantsmaker); Smetanka, Wife; Smetanka, Child; Smetanka, Child (Or more): Smetanka, Mordechai (Pantsmaker); Smetanka, Wife; Smetanka, Child; Smetanka, Child (Or more): Smetanka, Motel (Shoemaker); Smetanka, Wife; Smetanka, Child; Smetanka, Child (Or more): Sonnenschein, Isser (Lublin Prison February 17th. 1942):                        Spector, Yosef (Painter Artist): Steinberg, Meir; Steinberg, Family: Steinberg, Mrs: Stollar, Shmuel; Stollar, Wife; Stollar, Child; Stollar, Child (Or more): Sudberg, Chanina; Sudburg, Family:                     Sudberg, Nachman Yudel (Tailor); Sudburg, Wife; Sudburg, Child; Sudburg, Child (Or more): Szelonikviat, Shalom (Butcher); Szelonikviat, Wife; Szelonikviat, Child:                                         Szonche, Moishe (Syngogue Sexton); Szonche, Wife; Szonche, Child; Szonche, Child (Or more):  

Tannenboim, Moshe (Kugeleh); Tannenboim, Wife; Tannenboim, Child;                              Tannenboim, Child (Or more): Tenenboim, Eliyahu Chaim (Brick Layer); Tenenboim, Wife:                   The Yellow, Itshe (Butcher); The Yellow’s, Wife; The Yellow’s, Child; The Yellow’s, Child (Or more): Tikatchinsky, Avraham Moishe; Tikatchinsky, Wife; Tikatchinsky, Child; Tikatchinsky, Child (Or more): Tikatchinsky, Finkel; Tikatchinsky, Wife; Tikatchinsky, Child; Tikatchinsky, Child (Or more): Tikatchinsky, Hershel (Newspaper Vendor): Tikatchinsky, Mnachem Yehoshua:                    Tikatchinsky, Motke (Humorist); Tikatchinsky, Wife; Tikatchinsky, Child;                                      Tikatchinsky, Child (Or more): Tikatchinsky, Yisroelke (Artist-painter); Tikatchinsky, Wife; Tikatchinsky, Child; Tikatchinsky, Child (Or more): Trackternick, Orele (Dealer Old Clothes); Trackternick, Wife; Trackternick, Child; Trackternick, Child (Or more): Trackternick, Yankel; Trackternick, Wife; Trackternick, Child; Trackternich, Child (Or more): Tratsch, Yehoshua;         Tratsch, Wife; Tratsch, Child; Tratsch, Child (Or more): Tshepelinski, Avraham; Tshepelinski, Wife; Tshepelinski, Child; Tshepelinski, Child (Or more): Tshervien, Shlomo (Porter); Tshervien, Wife; Tshervien, Child; Tshervien, Child (Or more): Tshervien, Velvel; Tshervien, Wife:                              Tszerwin, Moishe (Patsch); Tszerwin, Wife; Tszerwin, Child; Tszerwin, Child (Or more):                Tubman, Yehoshua; Tubman, Wife; Tubman, Child; Tubman, Child (Or more):                           Tunkelroit, Chaim Shieh; Tunkelroit, Wife; Tunkelroit, Child; Tunkelroit, Child (Or more):   Turkeltaub, Chaya: Turkeltaub, Idessa: Turkeltaub, Idl: Turkeltaub, Mendl: Turkeltaub, Velvel: Turkeltoib, Fishel; Turkeltoib, Wife; Turkeltoib, Child; Turkeltoib, Child (Or more):                   Turkeltoib, Kraindel; Turkeltoib, Child; Turkeltoib, Child (Or more): Turkeltoib,  Natan (Pinchas); Turkeltoib, Wife; Turkeltoib, Child: Turkeltoib, Nathan; Turkeltoib, Wife; Turkeltoib, Son:    Turkeltoib, Pinchas; Turkeltoib, Wife; Turkeltoib, Child; Turkeltoib, Child (Or more):        Tzimmerman-Kovelblum, Tziporah, (Tailor); Tzimmerman-Kovelblum, Child:

Vaiazshor, Aiver (Tailor); Vaiazshor, Wife; Vaiazshor, Child; Vaiazshor, Child (Or more):       Vasserman, Mendel: Vassershtrom, Eiszesche; Vassershtrom, Mashe: Vebman, Velvel;            Vebman, Wife; Vebman, Child: Vebman, Velvel; Vebman, Wife; Vebman, Child;                         Vebman, Child (Or more): Veidenboim, Roise (Dzabak); Veidenboim, Child;                         Veidenboim, Child (Or more): Veidenboim, Shmuel (Dyer); Veidenboim, Wife; Veidenboim, Child; Veidenboim, Child (Or more): Verubel, Laizer; Verubel, Wife: Vetshtein, Chava; Vetshtein, Child; Vetshtein, Child (Or more): Viazcszher, Yudel (Tailor); Viazcszher, Wife; Viazcszher, Child;   Viazzszher, Child (Or more): Vinappel, Mottel: Vinderboim, Gittel (Dzabak); Vinderboim, Child; Vinderboim, Child (Or more): Vinderboim, Itzil; Vinderboim, Wife: Vinderboim, Shmuel;   Vinderboim, Wife; Vinderboim, Child: Vinderboim, Yankel (Bookeeper); Vinderboim, Wife: Vinderboim, Yisrael (Dzabak); Vinderboim, Wife; Vinderboim, Child; Vinderboim, Child (Or more): Vineappel, Mottel (Barber); Vineappel, Wife; Vineappel, Child; Vineappel, Child (Or more): Vineappel, Rochele (Midwife): Vishkovski, Yehoshua (Brick Layer); Vishkovski, Wife:             Vishnieh, Dan (Saloonkeeper); Vishnieh, Wife; Vishnieh, Child; Vishnieh, Child (Or more):        Vohiner, Avraham (Miller); Vohiner, Wife; Vohiner, Child; Vohiner, Child (Or more):        Vohiner, Yasha (Miller); Vohiner, Wife; Vohiner, Child: Voves, Yisrael; Voves, Child;                        Voves, Child (Or more): Vrubal, Chanina (Glazier); Vrubal, Family: Vrubal, Leibele (Glazier);       Vrubal, Family:

Warshever, Leibush (Shoemaker); Warshever, Child; Warshever, Child (Or more):              Wasserman, Berele (Gravedigger); Wasserman, Wife; Wasserman, Child;                              Wasserman, Child (Or more): Weidenbaum: Weidenboim, David (Dry Goods Merchant); Weidenboim, Wife; Weidenboim, Child; Weidenboim, Child (Or more): Weisman, Eliezer:     Weisman, Leibel (Hatter); Weisman, Wife: Weisman, Mordechai; Weisman, Child;                  Weisman, Child (Or more): Weisman, Uziel; Weisman, Family: Weissmann, Usiel; Wolf, Chantshe; Wolf, Daughter: Wolf, Hentziah (Chaya Blechovitz Sister in Law): Wolf, Yitzchakl; Wolf, Family:

Yazger; Yazger, Family: Yonah; Yonah, Wife:

Zabikover, Moshe (Harness Maker); Zabikover, Wife: Zaidel, Sarah Dintshe; Zaidel, Family: Zaltzshtein, Eliyahu (Shoe Sticher); Zaltzshtein, Wife; Zaltshtein, Child; Zaltshtein, Child (Or more): Zambakofsky, Yankel (Feldsher Barber); Zambofsky, Wife: Zavidowitz, Berl; Zavidowitz, Wife; Zavidowitz, Child; Zavidowitz, Child (Or more): Zegman, Leibishel (Baker); Zegman, Wife;        Zegman, Child; Zegman, Child (Or more): Zeidel, Yisrael (Carpenter); Zeidel, Wife; Zeidel, Child; Zeidel, Child (Or more): Zhlaza, Leah: Zigelman, Eliezer: Zilberberg, Avremele (Money Changer); Zilberberg, Wife; Zilberberg, Child; Zilberberg, Child (Or more): Zilberberg, Shlomo; Zilberberg, Wife; Zilberberg, Child; Zilberberg, Child (Or more): Zilberberg, Yeshiah; Zilberberg, Wife:        Zilbermintz, David; Zilbermintz, Wife: Zilbermintz, Lippe; Zilbermintz, Wife; Zilbermintz, Child;  Zilbermintz, Child (Or more): Zshita, Yossel; Zshita, Wife; Zshita, Child; Zshita, Child (Or more): Zuckerman, Yitzchak Eli (Watchmaker); Zuckerman, Wife; Zuckerman, Child;                         Zuckerman, Child (Or more): Zuker, Hershel (Knop); Zuker, Wife; Zuker, Child; Zuker, Child (Or more): Zuker, Mosheh (Knop); Zuker, Child: Zysman, Beinem; Zysman, Wife: Zysman, Dobe; Zysman, Child; Zysman, Child (Or more): Zysman, Dovidtshe; Zysman, Wife; Zysman, Child; Zysman, Child (Or more): Zysman, Pesach; Zysman, Wife; Zysman, Child; Zysman, Child (Or more): Zysman, Shimon Velvel; Zysman, Wife; Zysman, Child; Zysman, Child (Or more): Zysman, Yisroel Hersh; Zysman, Wife; Zysman, Child; Zysman, Child (Or more): Zysman, Yossele; Zysman, Wife; Zysman, Child;               Zysman, Child (Or more): Zysman, Zyshe; Zysman, Child; Zysman, Child (Or more): Zyto, Eva.

“..I met Yosef Schupak in ..Boneh Concentration Camp where he was working as an electrician. I met him at a time when I was suffering hunger ..and he often shared his bread and his soup with me.”  Yehoshua Rosencrantz.

Tragically, all history of The Holocaust will inevitably fail, and in large part due to what no longer remains of 6,000,000 Jews. In listing merely these meagre 1,500 Name plates, in place of all those who should be known to us, we scratch the surface of Jewish Radzyn’s disappearance. Without even looking at what the loss to the Jewish World must mean to us, we glide past too much of what their loss must mean to them. It is for the Jewish Survivor though, who has drawn upon the last breath of 6,000,000 other Jews, to deliver testimony for those slain Jewish Men, Women and Their Children who did not capitulate their lives but had all life torn from them.

It is they, the memorialised Jews, who take all of their People forward and into our memory of what was allowed to happen to them, we require every evidence to. So here, with this partial Necrology index of Radzyner Jews, who were detained into the catastrophe, all of which was enforced upon them and was wholly engulfing of their former lives, this must strike more meaningfully and deeply at us. These Jews though are not as fully contained in any way necessary for us to remember them in real terms. Names are crucial. So what we achieve, in a reliance upon those I have found identified and clearly mentioned, these are the permanently confirmed into our Memory.

However, as we recall those like Joseph Schupack, who lived a life between 1922 and that interrupted Camp existence, he took us to such deliberate a place of atrocity till he passed from us in 1989. Here, as we secure Joseph’s, and their memory, all added to the testimony of evidence Joseph has delivered, in ages coming they will be remembered. For those like Joseph, and the other’s who have passed far too soon, we recognise in this passage their inordinate number and the countless and endless streams of almost anonymous Wives and Children. For these, seemingly without specific title, they too belong to a memory which guards them from further extinction. For those out there who can add a name, a title or just a reference to any of these Jews of Radzy, there is never a better time than right now.

Always to Remember, Never to Forget.