“..Germans arrived from ..Lida. ..Jews from Ghetto ..Radun ..pushed toward Grodno.” Avraham Aviel.
I can state with certainty that some 50,000 Jews from Grodno were Slaughtered and within Birkenau and Treblinka. Also, and within killing sites, they were annihilated too. What we fully need to recognise though is that not all of these were Grodno Jews, those impacted by their transporting to the Ghettos there. Also! While we look back to trace those Grodno Jews missing, that unfortunate necessity recognises, their names are ever more important. But! We need to know if those Jews were simply transitory arrivers at the Grodno Ghettos, or were in fact Grodno Jews. Such is the case for names like The Vagshul Family, who are abundant in The Holocaust, but are themselves lost within competing communities and places of destruction.
“..We lived as hunted animals in ..woods ..chased by German ..Lithuanian ..Polish and Ukrainian patrols.” Rita Yelgin.
It would be impossible to relay here the Jewish presence within Grodno as it commenced, grew, gained and was nurtured. We do however recognise that a thriving community persisted ever since the first Jews began to settle here. I give a less than in depth coverage of that very dominant Jewish persistence in life as it is well recorded in History. But my effort sadly, is involved wholly in the struggle to any life the Jews were forced to relentlessly endure. The absolute disconnect between humanity, and the intolerances of those whose hatred hounded 6,000,000 Jews into non-existence, is a cause. It is imposssible too to become certain as to the entire Jewish loss within Grodno, as figures can be confused by the influx of other Jews from around the area. Jewish neighbours, some from outlying areas of Poland, who either assembled or were forced to accomodate the empty spaces created.
“..From ..beginning I was not following their orders. ..to bring home something to ease ..gnawing hunger.” Bronka Klibanski.
These Jews are a mix now of Grodno Jews and other Polish Jews settling into a transitory position they could not as yet appreciate. But, those Jews of Grodno who are forcibly transported to their deaths, or are simply shot in at least 4 Killing Sites dotted around the region, leave behind spacves for incoming Jews to fill. The Jews of Grodno, one of the oldest established Jewish Communities in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and then Poland was to perish almost entirely. Jewish merchants first settled and established themselves here in the 1100’s. These Jews went on, refined and defined their persistence through diligence, learning and a mutual economy that also served their gentile neighbours.
Founded in 1907, was the Grodno Teachers Seminary, seeing Grodno as the second largest City in the Bialystok region. Tragically, Jewish influence grew with the increase in significant pogroms. This was as regular an occurrence within Poland as history presents and occurred in Grodno going back into a 800 year History forged by political expedient, the church and Military groups, including Cossack units. The Cossacks’s, attacking the Jews of Grodno in 1915, abused and killed those Jews who got in their way. The inter war years however, saw the need for the rise of Jewish pressure groups and self defence battalions. These, who fought against the antisemitism that persisted within, and could be regularly promoted by the Polish government.
When, in July 1920, and with the Polish Army carrying out its own pogrom, it was clear, Jewish persistence was never going to be a Polish accepting principle. 250 Jews were Murdered and many more were injured as the Jewish Quarter was burned down and nearly destroyed, totally. There were News Paper articles that were wholly antiemitic, flagrantly published and Jewish Synagogues and even Cemetery’s constantly desecrated. On June 6th. 1922, and despite it not being in the least bit wealthy, Grodno’s Jewish Community raised relief funds for those Jews of Russia and Ukraine who were facing starvation. It was only in 1927 that Poland allowed for its Jewish communities to form part of a constituton that had been reserved nominally for only Polish non-Jews.
While this did not prevent resentment, as the vast majority of enterprises and businesses, more than 1,300 of them, were Jewish owned, the Jewish People conformed to an acceptance of peace prevailing. If not now, then someday. However, with this envy came a resulting boycott against the Jews of the City and another pogrom in Grodno that was initiated by their gentile neighbours. With all of this on their plate, on May 1st. 1933, the Jewish community of Grodno managed to present to the League of Nations, a petition wholly protesting over the continued persecution of Germany’s Jews. 1935, after the death of Marshal Josef Pilsudki, witnessed an unbridled series of pogroms that was raged against Polish Jewry.
On June 6th. 1935, some 300 Jewish Businesses were impacted, 50 Jews were assaulted, brutalised and 2 Jews, Gedalia Becher and Yisrael Shraga Feivel Berezovski were Murdered. Shlomo Pozniak was so seriously injured he was taken to hospital. On July 7th. 1935 there was a further Grodno pogrom, a Polish government sponsored assault upon Grodno’s Jews was initiated and carefully orchestrated with one Jew being killed. On May 24th. 1937, Grodno’s Jews responded to these growing assaults by shutting their businesses to trade. Though impacting upon their own fiscal concerns it was none the less depriving the city of much of its financial viability.
On October 20th. 1937, the Grodno Jewish Community, appalled at educational institutions insisting that Jewish Students be restricted to sitting on designated benches, ‘The Ghetto Benches’, protested vehemently. Emigration became a wished for demand for so many Jews, resources were spent establishing routes out of Poland. Sadly, all too many nations barred the way to Polish Jewry while many insisted upon strict quotas allowing only Jews, under certain criteria, financial, commercial and even educational was placed in the way so as to stem the influx into places like Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Israel surreptiously, Mexico and Peru amongst some. All too many of these escaping Jews, at liberty to both leave and gain entry, did however refuse to leave, as their Families were excluded from such a detail.
On October 28th. 1938, with Germany expelling 17,000 Polish Jews to Poland’s border, 8,000 are stranded at Zbaszyn. This is the precursor ‘Kristallnacht’ with the Jewish Community of Grodno coming to the rescue to some of these. Offering assistance to these Jews stuck in a no man’s land with Poland not accepting them, and Germany demanding they move on offered a human concern to such an inhuman process. In fact some of these Jews, a few of them even, Grodno Jews, were taken back to Grodno, situated on the Niemen River it was a large and industrious centre. With almost half the population of Grodno Jewish, as Hitler’s forces swept in in 1939, there were some 22,000 Jews awaiting Hitler’s design for their extinction. Temporarily, the plan for The Final Solution was not immediately recognised, even though the formative Einsatz was let loose to kill more and more Polish Jews.
Some 400,000 Polish Jews sought to escape from German threats and headed out and especially for Russia. Between September 18th. and 21st. 1939 the Jews faced a further Pogrom, composed by the the local Justice Mikulsky, killing 25 Jews. When they were under Russian jurisdiction though, and after partition on September 22nd. 1939, the Murders and abuses eased. The population of Grodno grew appreciably to far more than 25,000 as Jews sought to escape from the German controlled Polish demarcation line. There were 1,000’s of Polish Jewish Soldiers, now better placed to now surrender to Russian forces rather than to German ones. With the expansion of the Jewish Community, and with the creation of the Jewish Ghetto, Jews from outlying areas, districts, Shtetl’s and Villages, more and more Jews were being confined to a deadly intention.
On June 20th. 1941 many of Grodno’s Jews, denounced as dangerous, harmful activists, they were deported to Siberia. Then, as Operation Barbarossa commenced on June 22nd. 1941, Grodno was pounded to ruins for the day and with the Jews immediately impacted, as units of Third Panzergruppe passed through the following day, Jewish existence in Grodno was fast fading. Encountering Jews fleeing East, Wehrmacht units forced the Jews back to Grodno. Many though were trapped on the road to safety and were overtaken by the forces of Hitler’s Reich. Many of these Jews were systematically Murdered before they could return to those former homes and from where their future annihilation would be enacted. On June 24th. 1941, the rolling stock deporting these Jews of Grodno away from harms way was attacked by Hitler’s Stukas just outside of Baronovichi and many of them were killed.
Those who survived here were then processed, and served with the same fate of their Family and Community they had left behind in Grodno. A Judenrate of 10 was formed on June 28th. 1941 around Noah Bass, Dr. David Brawer as the Chairman, with Izhak Grozanski, N. Sarnatzki, I. Suchowlanski, O Szulkes, Avraham Zadai, and Aharon Rubinchik in charge of the internal police. The committee was further expanded to some 24 members as the community was to be split between the emerging two ghettos demanded by the Nazis. On June 30th. 1941 Artur Nebe’s Einsatzgruppe B had jurisdiction over the killings in the region and pledged to fully accomplish his task. He ordered Einsatzkommando 9 to Grodno and at the same time it became mandatory for the Jews of Grodno to wear the identifier, the Star of David.
On July 5th. 1941″..EinsatzKommando 9 ..located at Grodno. ..party building has been requisitioned for the main office in spite of objections from commander Colonel Pickel. Documents and photographs have been secured from ..NKVD office. Pogroms are being initiated ..heavy destruction ..shops looted and demolished ..supply situation bad. Church attendance is high.” Operational Situation Report 13.
On July 7th. 1941 over 100 professional Jews from Grodno, and some from Lida, were detained and Murdered by units of SS Standartenfuhrer Alfred Filbert’s EK9, as the usual measures designed to impact brutally upon the Jews were fully implemented. German troops and Einsatz members looted at will and with complete impunity. Also, two relatively small groups of Grodno Jews were shot by German killing squads near the village of Navumavichi and in the Gory Kredowe Hills. The numbers related to these atrocities is scarce to identify, so it must be suggested that any Jew murdered was in keeping with Hitler’s plan.
“..On Friday July 17th. 1942 ..a young man of 35 befriended my father in ..Ghetto shul. His name was Tevke ..from ..Radun near Vilna. ..He told us ..about massacres of Jews and death camp deportations in all ..small towns around Vilna. We simply could not comprehend this. ..killed only because they were Jews.” Rita Yelgin.
On September 7th. 1941, the Judenrate was further expanded to include a membership of 24 and on November 1st. 1941, a Jewish Grodno was divided into two, Ghettos, A and B. All told, 30,000 Jews were segregated and placed into these compact areas. Ghetto A held 20,000 Jews in the Shulhof area, the olde part of the City and Ghetto B detained 10,000 Jews in the Slobodka district. Along with the continued influx of refugee and expelled Jews from the outlying areas, this swelled the population to more than these 30,000 Jews. The estimate of course must take into consideration we are completely short of the actual assessment needed to verify the numbers we come to use, knowing all the while, these are individual Jewish People.
“..went on food missions 15 to 20 kilometers from our camp so as not to disturb ..local peasants who might inform ..Germans.” Rita Yelgin.
It is in Grodno, with a hive of Partisan activty, that we recognise from amongst whom Chasya Blinka, Liza Czapnik, Bronka Klibanski, Ania Ruth and Rita Yelgin are known to us. There is a Jewish resistance that is all too often not recognised in the history of The Holocaust. In February 1942, Bela Hazan, a Dror kasharit, came to the Grodno ghetto to inform Bronka Klabinski that she was summoned to Bialystok for a national meeting of Dror leaders. The Jews of Grodno realised by now the predicament of their fate and began to forge ties with Bialystok, Vilna and Warsaw to establish Partisan groups. Also, there was a mass attempt to flee and even to assassinate the chief executioner of Grodno Jewry, Otto Streblow and his competing mass murderer Kurt Wiese.
“..I was not afraid ..and I would not get caught.” Bronka Klibanski.
On November 2nd. 1942 mass shootings began and both the Ghettos were sealed with 4,500 of Grodno’s Jews transported through the Kielbasin Camp and on to the Death Camp Treblinka. On November 9th. 1942, and following the liquidation of some within Ghetto B, 4,000 Jews from Ghetto A are transferred over to replace those Jews sent to the Kielbasin Labour Camp. Kielbasin was also a transit Camp for the Jews toward Birkenau and Treblinka and itself, a place of death for the Jews transported there. On November 14th. 1942 6,000 more Jews were gradually being transported to Kielbasin and onto Birkenau where they were then Murdered.
“..Kielbasin ..camp ..Jews from ..villages were taken and from where transports were assembled for Auschwitz and Treblinka.” Rita Yelgin.
On November 15th. a transport of 1,000 Grodno Jews is split between Birkenau and Treblinka and then on November 21st. a transport of 3,000 of its Jews are also transported to the Death Camps at Birkenau and Treblinka. We are thankful to Danuta Czech, who was the archivist of the destruction to face the Jews who entered into the Slaughter house that was Birkenau, for all we have learned of the process within Auschwitz and even Birkenau. Here, Danuta has detailed the arrival of these 5 RSHA Transports from Grodno and as we are made aware, and though it appears some were saved for Survival, all those 1,789 Jews who had been set aside for a work detail, were so severely impacted by the strains of their endeavour, they too succumbed to the treacherous state of existence within Auschwitz and certainly Birkenau. Tragically, it has been a fruitless search to discover of those 9,861 Jews immediately gassed, that we cannot know how many of these were Their Children.
“..On January 20th. 1943 2,000 Jewish Men ..Women and Their Children arrived from Grodno. Of these ..256 Jews were detailed for Work. ..155 Jewish Men and 101 Jewish Women. Some 1,744 of these Jews were immediately Slaughtered.” Danuta Czech.
“..On January 21st. 1943 2,000 Jewish Men ..Women and Their Children arrived from Grodno. Of these ..287 Jews were detailed for Work. ..175 Jewish Men and 112 Jewish Women. Some 1,713 of these Jews were immediately Slaughtered.” Danuta Czech.
“..On January 22nd. 1943 3,650 Jewish Men ..Women and Their Children arrived from Grodno. Of these ..594 Jews were detailed for Work. ..365 Jewish Men and 229 Jewish Women. Some 3,056 of these Jews were immediately Slaughtered.” Danuta Czech.
“..On January 23rd. 1943 2,000 Jewish Men ..Women and Their Children arrived from Grodno. Of these 426 Jews were detailed for Work. ..235 Jewish Men and 191 Jewish Women. Some 1,574 of these Jews were immediately Slaughtered.” Danuta Czech.
“..On January 24th. 1943 2,000 Jewish Men ..Women and Their Children arrived from Grodno. Of these 226 Jews were detailed for Work. ..166 Jewish Men and 60 Jewish Women. Some 1,774 of these Jews were immediately Slaughtered.” Danuta Czech.
“..A Total of 11,650 Jewish Men ..Women and Their Children arrived from Grodno. In total some 1,789 Jews were detailed for Work. ..1,096 Jewish Men ..693 Jewish Women were detailed for Work with 9,861 Jews immediately Slaughtered.” Danuta Czech.
From January 7th. to 19th. 1943, and on a daily basis, all told some 11,650 Jews from Grodno were transported away from the Ghetto. Leaving in the direction of the Kielbasin Labour and Transit Camp, this endorsed the fear that labour was to be extorted from them. Tragically, the vast majority of them were forwarded to a Death Camp where they become extinguished immediately upon arrival at Birkenau. At this moment it is thought that barely 5,000 Jews now remained behind in the Ghetto for future processing.
“..I’ve always considered myself ..a coward. Yet ..I was able to escape ..Grodno Ghetto in February 1943 even though it was surrounded by armed German soldiers. ..I then lived for almost 2 years in ..depths of ..Lithuanian Forest as a member of a Jewish partisan group until I was liberated by ..advancing Soviet army.” Rita Yelgin.
In February 1943 Liza Czapnik returned to the Ghetto of Grodno, and disguised as a worker she gained entry for a specific effort. She stole away her 10 year old Niece Alloczka, and smuggled her back to Bialystok where Alloczka’s Parents had just returned to the Ghetto there. On February 13th. 1943 though, practically all 5,000 of Grodno’s Jews were transported to their deaths in the Death Camp at Treblinka. At the same time, all members of the Judenrate were taken out from the Ghetto and were shot. On February 14th. 1943 there were still Jews of Grodno Jews being transported to Treblinka, as there was on February 16th. 1943, draining Grodno Jews away toward Treblinka.
On March 12th. 1943 the final 1,000 ‘Useful Jews’ of Grodno, now a remnant of what had been Jewish Grodno, were transported to the Bialystok Ghetto. All told, there were over 30,000 Jews of Grodno who were dispatched toward their eventual destruction in Birkenau and Treblinka. Many other Jews from the Ghettos were shot and otherwise Murdered. On top of that, there were some 20,000 other Jews from the surrounding areas of Jeziory, Krynki, Kuznica, Lida, Ostryna, Pruzhany, Radun, Sokolka, Suchowola and Wolkowysk. Of course there were many more Jews from other areas, and all were Murdered in either Birkenau or Treblinka. It goes without saying that shootings were a regular occurrence in situ, as they were being physically removed from their homes or taken to kill sites.
“..on June 16th. 1943 ..we heard gun shots and started running into ..swamps to escape. Everyone ran in different directions from panic and fright.” Rita Yelgin.
We have to remember too that of all of these Grodno Jews, there were some other Jewish People from some 22 City’s, Towns, Villages and Shtetl’s from across Poland. They either all who found their way through the 2 Ghetto of Grodnos or from the Labour and Transit Camp at Kielbasin enroute toward extermination of Hitler’s Death camps at Treblinka and Birkenau. On July 14th. 1944, Russian troops liberated Grodno, but not before the surviving 15 Jews, who had been kept alive to maintain the Nazi occupation of what was left og Grodno, were Murdered. There were though, as many as 180 Jews still in hiding who finally managed to Survive the end of the War at least. That is in thanks in part to good Poles who risked all to save some Jews, Jews who were all chosen to die, without exception and so Grodno is rightly celebrated for its Righteous few.
A gathering of some 2,000 Jews began to settle back into Grodno, and these came from many communities ccompletely decimated during The Holocaust. Some of these who returned to Grodno were Hasia Bielicka, Liza Czapnik and Ania Rud. However, Grodno was no longer the home for so many Jews, and all too many of these found it necessary to part to many corners of the earth. Signs of age old prejudices toward the Jews was never far rom the surface. By 1955, even the Jewish cemetery was plowed up and locally, 4 mass graves were left untended except by those Jews still seeking their past.
In 1960 the Soviet authorities erected a monument to the victimes of Hitler’s fascism, at the site of the Navumavichi mass grave site. The authorities completely ignored the fact that there had been a systematic effort to destroy the Jewish People. It remained too that of the 2 surviving Synagogues needed to be returned to Jewish use, neither were and were detained by gentile businesses. For Grodno Jews and many other Jews, it is apparent that with no mention of the Jews was to appear upon this monument, as any Jewish presence to be recorded, is not as acceptable as it should have been. In 1993, with a simple a plaque erected at Zamkowa Street, and near the entrance to the former Ghetto A, signs of any past presence of the Jews would be too few and would still not be detailed here.
“..To ..memory of 29,000 inmates of ..Ghetto ..victims of fascism. In this area ..in 1941 – 1943 ..a ghetto was located.”
It does not mention the very fact that the community of Grodno Jews were not only incarcerated here, they were held captive until the time of their transportation toward the Death Camps became assured. Here too, all I can do is afford memory to those few Jews, who might be already recognised, and others who are definitely lost within a forgotten status. In a question to me, and in a reference to a Jewish Family, the VAGSHUL’s, ths Family were taken away from Grodno and are now lost within The Holocaust. This Family Vagshul, from amongst the 30,000 or so Slaughtered Jews of Grodno, are still some of the missing we will not find.
We have to remember too, that even from within this list of names there will be ommissions, gaps in our essential knowledge. It is imperative though, that while we look for traces of those who have not be mentioned by full name, or without a forename, they are mentioned. There are those too in The Holocaust history, recollections of a certain Family, a Butcher, a Tailor or even a Candlestick Maker, recalled to posterity without any further identifier. In this is imperative in remembering one more Jew, a Jew who was always expected to be forgotten after destruction.
Abramovitz, Avraham; Abramovitz, Berl; Abramovitz, Dr Emil; Abramski, Bezalel; Abramski, Leon; Adin, Aharon; Adin, Michael; Adin, Shabtai; Adin-Lipnik, Moshe; and Arkin, Ashkenazi.
Bachaluski, Noah; Bachrach, Feigel; Baranchik, Rabbi Yoel; Bass, Noah; Becher, Gedalia; Berezovski, Batia; Berezovski, David; Berezovski, Noah; Berezovski, Shaul; Berezovski, Shraga Feivel; Brawer, Dr. David; and BURDA.
Chalaf, Chaim; Chapnik, Grisha; Chapnik, Liza; Chayat Etke; Chazan, Chaim Arye; Chertok, Dr. Shimshon; Chochlin, Rabbi Zvi; Cigelnitski Kalman; Cohen, Oria; and Cohen, Yaacov.
Darshan, Yitzchak; Dashevski, Misha; Dashevski, Peter Pinchas; Dimant, Asher; Dimant, Esther; Dimant, Hannah; Dimant, Kadish; Dimant, Peshe; Dimant, Shmuel; Dimant, Yitzchak; Diskin, Zerach; DRUKER; and Dzhibak, Shmuel.
Efron, Yaacov; Einstein, Yisrael; Eisenberg, Benyamin Buna; Eisenstat, Barzilai Yehoshua; Eisenstein, Barzilai Yosef; Epstein, Dr. Borke; Epstein, Guta; Epstein, Mordechai; and Epstein, Shalom.
Fainsod, Yeshayahu; Fainsod, Sukenik Chasia; Fein, Nissan; Finkel, Dr. Moshe; Fis, Arye Laibl; Fis, David; Fis, Efraim; Fis, Yisrael; Fisher, Moshe; Freilichman, Yosef; Friedberg, Avraham Shalom; Fruchterman, Yehoshua and Frumkin, Yaacov.
Gabovitz, Simcha; Galgor, Eliezer; Galgor, Yekutiel; Gan, Itzke; Gelbord, Avraham; Shalom; Gershuni, Dr. Gershon; Gershuni, Dr. Rachel; Gisser, Ruma; Gordon, Ethel; Gornitzki, Shmuel; Gozhanski, Michael; Grozanski, Izhak; and Gutmann, Dr. Shmuel.
Haber, Yitzchak Isaac; Halprin, Liuba; Halprin, Menachem; Hazan, Hirsch Yehuda; Hazan, Teresa; Helfman, Axelrod; Helfman, Peretz; Helfman, Zerach; Hepner, Gershon; Hirsch, Zvi; and Horvitz Yosef Ossip.
Iberski, Dr. Sarah; Issakovna, Bertha; Itzkovitz, Yankel; Ivri-Tikotzki, Sarah; and Izablinski, Benyamin.
Kabak, Aharon Avraham; Kabakfein, Miriam; Kaminski, Eliezer; Kaminski, Yedidya; Kaplan, Nachum; Kaplan Ben Meir, Yaacov; Kapulski, Yaacov; Karol, Zvi; Kassin, Alexander; Kichman, Sorke Moshe; Kimchi, Zecharia; Kimovitz, Rabbi Chaim Eliezer; Kleinbort, Mulke; Kliatchkovski, Arye Leib; Kobrinski, Wolf; Korngold, Benyamin; Kotovski, Moshe; Kramer, Shoshana; Kravetz, Nachum; Kulkin, Merkl; Kupinski, Meir; Kustin, Leah; and Kustin, Mordechai.
Lampert, Grandzhitzki Zalman; Landa, Yisrael; Lapidot, David; Lapin, Bezalel; Leibovitz, Daniel;
Levin, Yehoshua; Levinstein, Yitzchak; Levkovitz-Grabinska, Sinia; Lieberman, Aharon; Lifschitz, Dubin Grunia; Lipnik, Dr. Avraham Wolf; Lipnik, Dr. Chaya; and Luner, Moshe;
Maisel, Rachel; Maisel, Shohat Hannah; Maisel, Vilenski Leah; Marcus, Daniel; Marcus-Alterman, Dr. Rachel; Marder, Shalom; Margalit, Yehuda; Matos, Henia; Melamed, Yosef; Menker, Liza; Menker, Victor; Milishkovski, Nachum; Miller, Arye Leib; Miller, Yisrael David; Mirovski, Leah; and Muravski, Avraham.
Nachbi, Avraham Hillel; Neiman, Dina; Neiman, Dr. Netaniel; Neiman, Adin Zippora; Neiman-Chorgin, Nocha; Niviazheski, Bertha; Nomberg, Chaim; and Notes, Moshe.
Onas, Felix; Orenstein, Pnina; Ostrinski, Lipa; Ostrinski, Meir; Ostrinski, Moshe; Ostrinski, Shmuel; Ostrogorski, Alexander; Ostrogorski, Moshe; Ostrogorski-Malchina, Dr. Anna; and Ovseevich, Yehoshua.
Paikovitz, Reuven Yosef; Paikovitz, Shmuel; Palnitski, Eliezer; Palnitski, Nachum; Palnitzki, Shlomo; Pinchanski, Arye Lonczik; Pinski, David; Pinski, Frieda; Pinski, Shmuel; Plotkin, Shmuel Aharon; Polonski-Schluss, Nechama; Pupko, Miriam; and Purkovitz, Efraim.
Rabin, Baruch; Rapp, Nachum; Ratner, Yehezkel; Reizer, Leib; Reizner, Leizer; Reizner, Yehoshua; Reizner, Yisrael; Rip, Hannah; Rip, Lima; Rip, Zelig; Rochlin, Yentl; Rosenkranz, Yosef; Rossianski Yosef; ROZOVSKI, There were 3 sisters Rozovski; Rubinchik, Aharon Avraham; Rud, Anye; Ruten Dr. Sarah; Ruten, Yitzchak; Rutenstein, Golda; and Rybaikov, Avraham.
Sait, Dr. Yehuda; Sarbrani, Michael; Sarnatzki, N; Segal, Reuven; Serebrani, Gittel; Serebrenik, Noah; Shaiman, Yisrael Yona; Shapira, Shainke; Shebchovitz, Isaac; Shereshevski, Azriel; Shereshevski, Yosef Ossip; Shevchovitz, Ida Idina; Shiffers-Gornitski, Miriam; Soloveichik, Dora; Soloveichik, Zvi; Sorin, Arye; Sorin, Bela; Stamler, Frumke; Stantzki, Daniel Dashke; Starodov, Faitche; Steinberg, Augustin; Steinberg, Baruch; Steinberg, Dov; Steinberg, Yaacov; Stuchinski, Gedalya; Suchowlanski, I; and Szulkes, O.
Tankus, Aharon; Tankus, Eliyahu; Tankus, Hanan; Tankus, Hannah; Tankus, Moshe; Tankus, Nachman Nochke; Tankus, Yehuda; Tankus-Tanin, Shlomo; Tolkovski, Aharon; Trilling, Michael; Trop Moshe; Trop-Krinski, Bezalel; Tsharna, Shalom Yona; Tzafenet, Mordechai; Tzirolnitzki, Yehuda; and Tzirolnitzki, Zelig.
Unterman, Isser Yisrael Yehuda; Uriashzon, Michael; and Urinovski, Ben Or Aharon.
VAGSHUL, A Family; Vaiksman, Genia; Varshaver, Eliyahu; Vasilisheski, Yitzchak; Velitzker, Dr. Chaim; Vidritski, David; Vigdorovitz, Reuven; Vigdorovitz, Yosef; Vilbushevitz, Benyamin; Vilner, Asher; Voroshilski, Dr. Nahman; and Vulkovstein, Olga Golda.
Waldman, Moshe; Warshavski, Yitzchak; Weissbrom, Dr. Zecharia; Weller, Arye Leib; Weller, Benyamin; Wohlgal, Baruch; Wohlstein, Yaacov; Wolf, Shaina; Wolfson, Moshe; and Wolkin, Aharon.
Yacobson, Benyamin Vladimir; Yaffe, Avraham; Yaffe, Bezalel; Yaffe, Dov; Yaffe, Dov Ber; Yaffe Frieda; Yaffe, Hannah; Yaffe, Leib; Yaffe, Sarah; Yaffe, Yitzhak; Yanovski, Moshe; Yanovski, Zvi; Yelgin, Tzvia; Yellin, Shoshana; Yezerski, Yitzchak; Yonas, Shlomo; Yoselevitz, Avraham Eliyahu; and Yoselevitz, Meir.
Zadai, Avraham; Zakheim, Bernard; Zakheim, Clara; Zeitsel, Paula; Zhuravski Chaim David; Zilberberg, Zerach; Ziman, Natan Netta; Zimmel, Simcha; Zimmerman, Koppel; Ziskind, Alexander; Zonnenberg, Yehuda; Zupowitz and Chaim Yehuda Leib.
